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| == Beschreibung == | | == Beschreibung == |
| ; Tipp | | ; 3 ways to configure the network |
| | # The interfaces configuration file at /etc/network/interfaces (this page): for basic or simple configurations (e.g. workstation) |
| | # [https://wiki.debian.org/NetworkManager NetworkManager]: This is the default for Laptop configuration |
| | # Systemd: [https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch05.en.html#_the_modern_network_configuration_without_gui Debian reference Doc Chapter 5] |
| | |
| : Bezüglich einer aktuellen Anleitung für Debian zum Thema Netzwerk lesen Sie [https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-handbook/sect.network-config Debian Administratorhandbuch — Konfigurieren des Netzwerks] | | : Bezüglich einer aktuellen Anleitung für Debian zum Thema Netzwerk lesen Sie [https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-handbook/sect.network-config Debian Administratorhandbuch — Konfigurieren des Netzwerks] |
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| :* siehe <tt>[[systemd-networkd]](8)</tt> | | :* siehe <tt>[[systemd-networkd]](8)</tt> |
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| == /etc/network/interfaces ==
| | <noinclude> |
| siehe [[/etc/network/interfaces]]
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| == 3 ways to configure the network ==
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| # The interfaces configuration file at /etc/network/interfaces (this page): for basic or simple configurations (e.g. workstation)
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| # [https://wiki.debian.org/NetworkManager NetworkManager]: This is the default for Laptop configuration
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| # Systemd: [https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch05.en.html#_the_modern_network_configuration_without_gui Debian reference Doc Chapter 5]
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| == Howto use vlan (dot1q, 802.1q, trunk) (Etch, Lenny) ==
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| === Manual config ===
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| modprobe 8021q
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| apt install vlan
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| vconfig add eth0 222 # 222 is vlan number
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| ifconfig eth0.222 up
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| ifconfig eth0.222 mtu 1496 #optional if your network card doesn't support MTU 1504B
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| ifconfig eth0.222 10.10.10.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
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| === Network init script config ===
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| Into /etc/modules add line:
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| 8021q
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| In /etc/network/interfaces to section iface add parameter:
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| vlan-raw-device eth0
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| The interface name should be the raw interface name (the same as specified by vlan-raw-device), then a dot, then the VLAN ID, for example eth0.100. It can instead be "vlan" then the VLAN ID, for example vlan100. In either case, the VLAN ID is on the end, and this is the only place that it is configured.
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| Note: If you name your VLAN interfaces ethX.YYY, then there is no need to specify the vlan-raw-device, as the raw device can be retrieved from the interface name.
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| Eg:
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| auto eth0.222
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| iface eth0.222 inet static
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| address 10.10.10.1/24
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| vlan-raw-device eth0
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| === Bridges and VLANs ===
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| If you create VLAN interfaces only to put them into a bridge, there is no need to define the VLAN interfaces manually. Just config the bridge, and the VLAN interface will be created automatically when creating the bridge, e.g:
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| auto br1
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| iface br1 inet manual
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| bridge_ports eth0.99 eth1.99
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| up /usr/sbin/brctl stp br1 on
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| === Caveats when using bridging and vlan ===
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| #/etc/network/interfaces
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| auto eth0 bri0
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| iface eth0 inet static
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| address 192.168.1.1/24
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| iface eth0.110 inet manual
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| vlan-raw-device eth0
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| iface bri0 inet static
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| address 192.168.110.1/24
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| bridge_ports eth0.110
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| bridge_stp on
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| bridge_maxwait 10
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| If you are using a brigded VLAN setup, which is probably useful for networking in virtualization environments, take care to only attach either a bridge device or VLAN devices to an underlying physical device - like shown above. Attaching the physical interface (eth0) to a bridge (eg. bri1) while using the same physical interface on apparently different VLANs will result in all packets to remain tagged. (Kernel newer than 2.6.37 and older than 3.2).
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| == Howto create fault tolerant bonding with vlan (Etch - Stretch) ==
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| [[Image:Bild21.png|top|alt="debian_bonding.png"]]
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| [https://wiki.debian.org/NetworkConfiguration?action=AttachFile&do=view&target=debian_bonding.dia debian_bonding.dia]
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| How to configure one of the above server active backup bonding 3 vlan {vlan10,vlan20,vlan30} Debian networking without SPOF without native vlan.
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| aptitude install vlan ifenslave-2.6
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| === Network config ===
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| Cisco switch interface example config
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| interface GigabitEthernet1/2
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| description eth1
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| switchport
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| switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
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| switchport trunk allowed vlan 10,20,30
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| switchport mode trunk
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| no ip address
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| no cdp enable
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| spanning-tree portfast trunk
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| === bonding with active backup ===
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| Create a file <tt>/etc/modprobe.d/bonding.conf</tt> containing:
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| alias bond0 bonding
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| options bonding mode=active-backup miimon=100 downdelay=200 updelay=200 primary=eth1
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| === /etc/network/interfaces ===
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| # The loopback network interface
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| auto lo
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| iface lo inet loopback
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| # The primary network interface
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| auto bond0
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| iface bond0 inet manual
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| up ifconfig bond0 0.0.0.0 up
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| slaves eth1 eth0
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| auto vlan10
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| iface vlan10 inet static
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| address 10.10.10.12/24
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| vlan-raw-device bond0
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| gateway 10.10.0.1
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| dns-search hup.hu
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| dns-nameservers 10.10.0.2
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| auto vlan20
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| iface vlan20 inet static
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| address 10.20.10.12/24
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| vlan-raw-device bond0
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| auto vlan30
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| iface vlan30 inet static
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| address 10.30.10.12/24
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| vlan-raw-device bond0
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| * In Debian Buster, you must use interface names for VLANs in the form of: <tt>bond0.10</tt>, <tt>bond0.20</tt>, and <tt>bond0.30</tt> instead of <tt>vlan10</tt>, <tt>vlan20</tt>, <tt>vlan30</tt>
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| * [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt] - Linux kernel documentation on bonding
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| * [https://www.dm.unibo.it/~donatini/admin/rete/bonding.html https://www.dm.unibo.it/~donatini/admin/rete/bonding.html] - Bonding on Linux 2.6
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| === How to set the MTU (Max transfer unit / packet size) with VLANS over a bonded interface ===
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| MTU needs to be configured on the bonding interface and slave interfaces after the reset of the configuration has been applied to the bonding interfaces. This is done using a post-up line in the bonding interface configuration.
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| auto bond0
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| iface bond0 inet manual
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| up ifconfig lacptrunk0 0.0.0.0 up
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| slaves eth0 eth1
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| # bond-mode 4 = 802.3ad
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| bond-mode 4
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| bond-miimon 100
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| bond-downdelay 200
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| bond-updelay 200
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| bond-lacp-rate 1
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| bond-xmit-hash-policy layer2+3
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| post-up ifconfig eth0 mtu 9000 && ifconfig eth1 mtu 9000 && ifconfig bond0 mtu 9000
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|
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| #vlan devices will use the MTU set on bond0 device
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| auto vlan101
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| iface vlan101 inet static
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| address 10.101.60.123/24
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| gateway 10.155.60.1
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| vlan-raw-device bond0
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| auto vlan151
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| iface vlan151 inet static
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| address 192.168.1.1/24
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| vlan-raw-device bond0
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| == Multiple IP addresses on one Interface ==
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| Interface aliasing allows one interface to have multiple IP addresses. This is useful when more than one server is to be visible ''via'' the Internet. Note that virtual hosts can support multiple Apache servers with a single IP address. Apache responds to the domain name supplied by the client in the HTTP header. In many other situations, one external IP is needed for each server using a port.
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| === Legacy method ===
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| This /etc/network/interfaces text assigns three IP addresses to eth0.
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| auto eth0
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| allow-hotplug eth0
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| iface eth0 inet static
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| address 192.168.1.42/24
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| gateway 192.168.1.1
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|
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| auto eth0:0
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| allow-hotplug eth0:0
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| iface eth0:0 inet static
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| address 192.168.1.43/24
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|
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| auto eth0:1
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| allow-hotplug eth0:1
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| iface eth0:1 inet static
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| address 192.168.1.44/24
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| An alias interface should not have "gateway" or "dns-nameservers"; dynamic IP assignment is permissible.
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| The above configuration is the previous traditional method that reflects the traditional use of ''ifconfig'' to configure network devices. ''ifconfig'' has introduced the concept of ''aliased'' or ''virtual'' interfaces. Those types of virtual interfaces have names of the form ''interface:integer'' and ifconfig treats them very similarly to real interfaces.
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| Nowadays ''ifupdown'' uses the ''ip'' utility from the ''iproute2'' package instead of ''ifconfig''. The newer ''ip'' utility does not use the same concept of aliases or virtual interfaces. However, it supports assigning arbitrary names to the interfaces (they're called labels). ''ifupdown'' uses this feature to support aliased interfaces while using ''ip''.
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| === iproute2 method ===
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| Also, ''ifupdown'' supports specifying multiple interfaces by repeating ''iface'' sections with the same interface name. The key difference from the method described above is that all such sections are treated by ''ifupdown'' as just one interface, so user can't add or remove them individually. However, ''up''/''down'' commands, as well as scripts, are called for every section as it used to be.
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| Note however that this method is '''dangerous'''! Certain driver/hardware combinations may sometimes fail to bring the link up if no labels are assigned to the alias interfaces. (Seen this on Debian Wheezy and Jessie with RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 01) auto-negotiating to 10/full. A similar warning from another person exists in the history of this page.)
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| This /etc/network/interfaces text assigns three IP addresses to eth0.
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| auto eth0
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| allow-hotplug eth0
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| iface eth0 inet static
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| address 192.168.1.42/24
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| gateway 192.168.1.1
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| iface eth0 inet static
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| address 192.168.1.43/24
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| iface eth0 inet static
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| address 192.168.1.44/24
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| # adding IP addresses from different subnets is also possible
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| iface eth0 inet static
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| address 10.10.10.14/24
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| Manual approach:
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|
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| auto eth0
| | == Anhang == |
| allow-hotplug eth0
| | === Siehe auch === |
| iface eth0 inet static
| | * [[/etc/network/interfaces]] |
| address 192.168.1.42/24
| | {{Special:PrefixIndex/{{BASEPAGENAME}}}} |
| gateway 192.168.1.1
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| up ip addr add 192.168.1.43/24 dev $IFACE label $IFACE:0
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| down ip addr del 192.168.1.43/24 dev $IFACE label $IFACE:0
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| up ip addr add 192.168.1.44/24 dev $IFACE label $IFACE:1
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| down ip addr del 192.168.1.44/24 dev $IFACE label $IFACE:1
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| up ip addr add 10.10.10.14/24 dev $IFACE label $IFACE:2
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| down ip addr del 10.10.10.14/24 dev $IFACE label $IFACE:2
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|
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|
| Quelle: [https://wiki.debian.org/NetworkConfiguration https://wiki.debian.org/NetworkConfiguration]
| | ==== Links ==== |
| | ===== Weblinks ===== |
| | # [https://wiki.debian.org/NetworkConfiguration https://wiki.debian.org/NetworkConfiguration] |
|
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|
| | [[Kategorie:Linux/Netzwerk/Konfiguration]] |
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| [[Kategorie:Linux/Netzwerk]]
| | </noinclude> |