Setfacl

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SETFACL(1) Access Control Lists SETFACL(1)

NAME

   setfacl - set file access control lists

SYNOPSIS

   setfacl [-bkndRLPvh] [{-m|-x} acl_spec] [{-M|-X} acl_file] file ...

   setfacl --restore={file|-}

DESCRIPTION

   This utility sets Access Control Lists (ACLs) of files and directories. On the command line, a
   sequence of commands is followed by a sequence of files (which in turn can be followed by another
   sequence of commands, ...).

   The -m and -x options expect an ACL on the command line. Multiple ACL entries are separated by
   comma characters (`,'). The -M and -X options read an ACL from a file or from standard input. The
   ACL entry format is described in Section ACL ENTRIES.

   The --set and --set-file options set the ACL of a file or a directory. The previous ACL is re‐
   placed. ACL entries for this operation must include permissions.

   The -m (--modify) and -M (--modify-file) options modify the ACL of a file or directory. ACL en‐
   tries for this operation must include permissions.

   The -x (--remove) and -X (--remove-file) options remove ACL entries. It is not an error to remove
   an entry which does not exist. Only ACL entries without the perms field are accepted as parame‐
   ters, unless POSIXLY_CORRECT is defined.

   When reading from files using the -M and -X options, setfacl accepts the output getfacl produces.
   There is at most one ACL entry per line. After a Pound sign (`#'), everything up to the end of
   the line is treated as a comment.

   If setfacl is used on a file system which does not support ACLs, setfacl operates on the file
   mode permission bits. If the ACL does not fit completely in the permission bits, setfacl modifies
   the file mode permission bits to reflect the ACL as closely as possible, writes an error message
   to standard error, and returns with an exit status greater than 0.

 PERMISSIONS
   The file owner and processes capable of CAP_FOWNER are granted the right to modify ACLs of a
   file. This is analogous to the permissions required for accessing the file mode. (On current
   Linux systems, root is the only user with the CAP_FOWNER capability.)

OPTIONS

   -b, --remove-all
     Remove all extended ACL entries. The base ACL entries of the owner, group and others are re‐
     tained.

   -k, --remove-default
     Remove the Default ACL. If no Default ACL exists, no warnings are issued.

   -n, --no-mask
     Do not recalculate the effective rights mask. The default behavior of setfacl is to recalcu‐
     late the ACL mask entry, unless a mask entry was explicitly given. The mask entry is set to
     the union of all permissions of the owning group, and all named user and group entries.
     (These are exactly the entries affected by the mask entry).

   --mask
     Do recalculate the effective rights mask, even if an ACL mask entry was explicitly given.
     (See the -n option.)

   -d, --default
     All operations apply to the Default ACL. Regular ACL entries in the input set are promoted to
     Default ACL entries. Default ACL entries in the input set are discarded. (A warning is issued
     if that happens).

   --restore={file|-}
     Restore a permission backup created by `getfacl -R' or similar. All permissions of a complete
     directory subtree are restored using this mechanism. If the input contains owner comments or
     group comments, setfacl attempts to restore the owner and owning group. If the input contains
     flags comments (which define the setuid, setgid, and sticky bits), setfacl sets those three
     bits accordingly; otherwise, it clears them. This option cannot be mixed with other options
     except `--test'. If the file specified is '-', then it will be read from standard input.

   --test
     Test mode. Instead of changing the ACLs of any files, the resulting ACLs are listed.

   -R, --recursive
     Apply operations to all files and directories recursively. This option cannot be mixed with
     `--restore'.

   -L, --logical
     Logical walk, follow symbolic links to directories. The default behavior is to follow sym‐
     bolic link arguments, and skip symbolic links encountered in subdirectories. Only effective
     in combination with -R. This option cannot be mixed with `--restore'.

   -P, --physical
     Physical walk, do not follow symbolic links to directories. This also skips symbolic link
     arguments.  Only effective in combination with -R. This option cannot be mixed with `--re‐
     store'.

   -v, --version
     Print the version of setfacl and exit.

   -h, --help
     Print help explaining the command line options.

   -- End of command line options. All remaining parameters are interpreted as file names, even if
     they start with a dash.

   -  If the file name parameter is a single dash, setfacl reads a list of files from standard in‐
     put.

 ACL ENTRIES
   The setfacl utility recognizes the following ACL entry formats (blanks inserted for clarity):

   [d[efault]:] [u[ser]:]uid [:perms]
      Permissions of a named user. Permissions of the file owner if uid is empty.

   [d[efault]:] g[roup]:gid [:perms]
      Permissions of a named group. Permissions of the owning group if gid is empty.

   [d[efault]:] m[ask][:] [:perms]
      Effective rights mask

   [d[efault]:] o[ther][:] [:perms]
      Permissions of others.

   Whitespace between delimiter characters and non-delimiter characters is ignored.

   Proper ACL entries including permissions are used in modify and set operations. (options -m, -M,
   --set and --set-file). Entries without the perms field are used for deletion of entries (options
   -x and -X).

   For uid and gid you can specify either a name or a number. Character literals may be specified
   with a backslash followed by the 3-digit octal digits corresponding to the ASCII code for the
   character (e.g., \101 for 'A'). If the name contains a literal backslash followed by 3 digits,
   the backslash must be escaped (i.e., \\).

   The perms field is a combination of characters that indicate the read (r), write (w), execute (x)
   permissions. Dash characters in the perms field (-) are ignored. The character X stands for the
   execute permission if the file is a directory or already has execute permission for some user.
   Alternatively, the perms field can define the permissions numerically, as a bit-wise combination
   of read (4), write (2), and execute (1). Zero perms fields or perms fields that only consist of
   dashes indicate no permissions.

 AUTOMATICALLY CREATED ENTRIES
   Initially, files and directories contain only the three base ACL entries for the owner, the
   group, and others. There are some rules that need to be satisfied in order for an ACL to be
   valid:

   *  The three base entries cannot be removed. There must be exactly one entry of each of these
     base entry types.

   *  Whenever an ACL contains named user entries or named group objects, it must also contain an
     effective rights mask.

   *  Whenever an ACL contains any Default ACL entries, the three Default ACL base entries (default
     owner, default group, and default others) must also exist.

   *  Whenever a Default ACL contains named user entries or named group objects, it must also con‐
     tain a default effective rights mask.

   To help the user ensure these rules, setfacl creates entries from existing entries under the fol‐
   lowing conditions:

   *  If an ACL contains named user or named group entries, and no mask entry exists, a mask entry
     containing the same permissions as the group entry is created. Unless the -n option is given,
     the permissions of the mask entry are further adjusted to include the union of all permis‐
     sions affected by the mask entry. (See the -n option description).

   *  If a Default ACL entry is created, and the Default ACL contains no owner, owning group, or
     others entry, a copy of the ACL owner, owning group, or others entry is added to the Default
     ACL.

   *  If a Default ACL contains named user entries or named group entries, and no mask entry ex‐
     ists, a mask entry containing the same permissions as the default Default ACL's group entry
     is added. Unless the -n option is given, the permissions of the mask entry are further ad‐
     justed to include the union of all permissions affected by the mask entry. (See the -n option
     description).

EXAMPLES

   Granting an additional user read access
      setfacl -m u:lisa:r file

   Revoking write access from all groups and all named users (using the effective rights mask)
      setfacl -m m::rx file

   Removing a named group entry from a file's ACL
      setfacl -x g:staff file

   Copying the ACL of one file to another
      getfacl file1 | setfacl --set-file=- file2

   Copying the access ACL into the Default ACL
      getfacl --access dir | setfacl -d -M- dir

CONFORMANCE TO POSIX 1003.1e DRAFT STANDARD 17

   If the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT is defined, the default behavior of setfacl changes
   as follows: All non-standard options are disabled. The ``default: prefix is disabled. The -x
   and -X options also accept permission fields (and ignore them).

AUTHOR

   Andreas Gruenbacher, <andreas.gruenbacher@gmail.com>.

   Please send your bug reports, suggested features and comments to the above address.

SEE ALSO

   getfacl(1), chmod(1), umask(1), acl(5)

May 2000 ACL File Utilities SETFACL(1)