IPv4/Adressraum: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen
Erscheinungsbild
K Textersetzung - „IPv4/Subnetting“ durch „IPv4/Subnetz“ |
|||
(30 dazwischenliegende Versionen desselben Benutzers werden nicht angezeigt) | |||
Zeile 1: | Zeile 1: | ||
''' | '''IPv4/Adressraum''' | ||
== Beschreibung == | == Beschreibung == | ||
= | ; Allgemein gilt | ||
< | * Anzahl der IPv4-Adressen = 2<sup>32 - Länge der Netzadresse</sup> | ||
* Erste und letzte IPv4-Adresse ist reserviert für Netzwerk- bzw. Broadcast-Adresse | |||
; Adressbereiche der Größe ''/0'' bis ''/7'' | |||
* werden in der Praxis nicht als einzelnes Subnetz verwendet, sondern in mehrere Subnetze unterteilt | |||
</ | ; /31-Netze enthalten keine nutzbaren Host-Adressen | ||
=== | * während ''/32'' kein Subnetz, sondern immer einen einzelnen Host adressiert. | ||
* Hierbei gibt es auch Ausnahmen. So wurde im RFC 3021 vorgeschlagen, dass ''/31''-Netze genutzt werden, um Point-to-point-Verbindungen zu etablieren. | |||
* Dies wurde unter anderem von der Firma Cisco implementiert. | |||
* Des Weiteren ist es unter bestimmten Umständen möglich, die Netz- und Broadcastadresse für Hosts zu verwenden | |||
== Übersicht == | |||
{| class="wikitable options col1center col2right col3right col4right" | |||
! Notation !! Adressen | |||
! !! für Hosts !!Subnetzmaske<br/>dezimal !! Subnetzmaske<br />binär !! Kommentar | |||
|- | |||
|/0 | |||
|4.294.967.296 | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|0.0.0.0 | |||
|<code><span style="color:#bbb">00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000</span></code> | |||
| Vollständiger Adressraum | |||
|- | |||
|/1 | |||
|2.147.483.648 | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|128.0.0.0 | |||
|<code>1<span style="color:#bbb">0000000.00000000.00000000.00000000</span></code> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|/2 | |||
|1.073.741.824 | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|192.0.0.0 | |||
|<code>11<span style="color:#bbb">000000.00000000.00000000.00000000</span></code> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|/3 | |||
|536.870.912 | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|224.0.0.0 | |||
|<code>111<span style="color:#bbb">00000.00000000.00000000.00000000</span></code> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|/4 | |||
|268.435.456 | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|240.0.0.0 | |||
|<code>1111<span style="color:#bbb">0000.00000000.00000000.00000000</span></code> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|/5 | |||
|134.217.728 | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|248.0.0.0 | |||
|<code>11111<span style="color:#bbb">000.00000000.00000000.00000000</span></code> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|/6 | |||
|67.108.864 | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|252.0.0.0 | |||
|<code>111111<span style="color:#bbb">00.00000000.00000000.00000000</span></code> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|/7 | |||
|33.554.432 | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|254.0.0.0 | |||
|<code>1111111<span style="color:#bbb">0.00000000.00000000.00000000</span></code> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|/8 | |||
|16.777.216 | |||
| | |||
|16.777.214 | |||
|255.0.0.0 | |||
|<code>11111111.<span style="color:#bbb">00000000.00000000.00000000</span></code> | |||
|"Class A"-Größe | |||
|- | |||
|/9 | |||
|8.388.608 | |||
|128 x 65.536 | |||
|8.388.606 | |||
|255.128.0.0 | |||
|<code>11111111.1<span style="color:#bbb">0000000.00000000.00000000</span></code> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|/10 | |||
|4.194.304 | |||
|64 x 65.536 | |||
|4.194.302 | |||
|255.192.0.0 | |||
|<code>11111111.11<span style="color:#bbb">000000.00000000.00000000</span></code> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|/11 | |||
|2.097.152 | |||
|32 x 65.536 | |||
|2.097.150 | |||
|255.224.0.0 | |||
|<code>11111111.111<span style="color:#bbb">00000.00000000.00000000</span></code> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|/12 | |||
|1.048.576 | |||
|16 x 65.536 | |||
|1.048.574 | |||
|255.240.0.0 | |||
|<code>11111111.1111<span style="color:#bbb">0000.00000000.00000000</span></code> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|/13 | |||
|524.288 | |||
|8 x 65.536 | |||
|524.286 | |||
|255.248.0.0 | |||
|<code>11111111.11111<span style="color:#bbb">000.00000000.00000000</span></code> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|/14 | |||
|262.144 | |||
|4 x 65.536 | |||
|262.142 | |||
|255.252.0.0 | |||
|<code>11111111.111111<span style="color:#bbb">00.00000000.00000000</span></code> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|/15 | |||
|131.072 | |||
|2 x 65.536 | |||
|131.070 | |||
|255.254.0.0 | |||
|<code>11111111.1111111<span style="color:#bbb">0.00000000.00000000</span></code> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|/16 | |||
|65.536 | |||
|1 x 65.536 | |||
|65.534 | |||
|255.255.0.0 | |||
|<code>11111111.11111111.<span style="color:#bbb">00000000.00000000</span></code> | |||
|"Class B"-Größe | |||
|- | |||
|/17 | |||
|32.76 | |||
|128 x 256 | |||
|32.766 | |||
|255.255.128.0 | |||
|<code>11111111.11111111.1<span style="color:#bbb">0000000.00000000</span></code> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|/18 | |||
|16.384 | |||
|64 x 256 | |||
|16.382 | |||
|255.255.192.0 | |||
|<code>11111111.11111111.11<span style="color:#bbb">000000.00000000</span></code> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|/19 | |||
|8.192 | |||
|32 x 256 | |||
|8.190 | |||
|255.255.224.0 | |||
|<code>11111111.11111111.111<span style="color:#bbb">00000.00000000</span></code> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|/20 | |||
|4.096 | |||
|16 x 256 | |||
|4.094 | |||
|255.255.240.0 | |||
|<code>11111111.11111111.1111<span style="color:#bbb">0000.00000000</span></code> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|/21 | |||
|2.048 | |||
|8 x 256 | |||
|2.046 | |||
|255.255.248.0 | |||
|<code>11111111.11111111.11111<span style="color:#bbb">000.00000000</span></code> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|/22 | |||
|1.024 | |||
|4 x 256 | |||
|1.022 | |||
|255.255.252.0 | |||
|<code>11111111.11111111.111111<span style="color:#bbb">00.00000000</span></code> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|/23 | |||
|512 | |||
|2 x 256 | |||
|510 | |||
|255.255.254.0 | |||
|<code>11111111.11111111.1111111<span style="color:#bbb">0.00000000</span></code> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|/24 | |||
|256 | |||
|1 x 256 | |||
|254 | |||
|255.255.255.0 | |||
|<code>11111111.11111111.11111111.<span style="color:#bbb">00000000</span></code> | |||
|"Class C"-Größe | |||
|- | |||
|/25 | |||
|128 | |||
|128 x 1 | |||
|126 | |||
|255.255.255.128 | |||
|<code>11111111.11111111.11111111.1<span style="color:#bbb">0000000</span></code> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|/26 | |||
|64 | |||
|64 x 1 | |||
|62 | |||
|255.255.255.192 | |||
|<code>11111111.11111111.11111111.11<span style="color:#bbb">000000</span></code> | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|/27 | |||
|32 | |||
|32 x 1 | |||
|30 | |||
|255.255.255.224 | |||
|<code>11111111.11111111.11111111.111<span style="color:#bbb">00000</span></code> | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |/28 | ||
|16 | |||
|16 x 1 | |||
|14 | |||
|255.255.255.240 | |||
|<code>11111111.11111111.11111111.1111<span style="color:#bbb">0000</span></code> | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|/29 | |||
|8 | |||
|8 x 1 | |||
|6 | |||
|255.255.255.248 | |||
|<code>11111111.11111111.11111111.11111<span style="color:#bbb">000</span></code> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|/30 | |||
|4 | |||
|4 x 1 | |||
|2 | |||
|255.255.255.252 | |||
|<code>11111111.11111111.11111111.111111<span style="color:#bbb">00</span></code> | |||
|Verbindungsnetz zwischen zwei Routern | |||
|- | |||
|/31 | |||
|2 | |||
|2 x 1 | |||
|0 (2) | |||
|255.255.255.254 | |||
|<code>11111111.11111111.11111111.1111111<span style="color:#bbb">0</span></code> | |||
|Verbindungsnetz zwischen zwei Routern | |||
|- | |||
|/32 | |||
|1 | |||
|1 x 1 | |||
|0 (1) | |||
|255.255.255.255 | |||
|<code>11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111</code> | |||
|einzelner Host | |||
|} | |} | ||
<noinclude> | <noinclude> | ||
== Anhang == | == Anhang == | ||
=== Siehe auch === | === Siehe auch === | ||
{{Special:PrefixIndex/{{BASEPAGENAME}}}} | {{Special:PrefixIndex/{{BASEPAGENAME}}/}} | ||
=== Dokumentation === | |||
; Man-Page | |||
;Info-Page | |||
=== Links === | |||
==== Projekt ==== | |||
==== Weblinks ==== | |||
[[Kategorie:IPv4/Subnetz]] | |||
[[Kategorie: | |||
</noinclude> | </noinclude> | ||
Aktuelle Version vom 9. Juli 2025, 17:43 Uhr
IPv4/Adressraum
Beschreibung
- Allgemein gilt
- Anzahl der IPv4-Adressen = 232 - Länge der Netzadresse
- Erste und letzte IPv4-Adresse ist reserviert für Netzwerk- bzw. Broadcast-Adresse
- Adressbereiche der Größe /0 bis /7
- werden in der Praxis nicht als einzelnes Subnetz verwendet, sondern in mehrere Subnetze unterteilt
- /31-Netze enthalten keine nutzbaren Host-Adressen
- während /32 kein Subnetz, sondern immer einen einzelnen Host adressiert.
- Hierbei gibt es auch Ausnahmen. So wurde im RFC 3021 vorgeschlagen, dass /31-Netze genutzt werden, um Point-to-point-Verbindungen zu etablieren.
- Dies wurde unter anderem von der Firma Cisco implementiert.
- Des Weiteren ist es unter bestimmten Umständen möglich, die Netz- und Broadcastadresse für Hosts zu verwenden
Übersicht
Notation | Adressen | für Hosts | Subnetzmaske dezimal |
Subnetzmaske binär |
Kommentar | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
/0 | 4.294.967.296 | |||||
0.0.0.0 | 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
|
Vollständiger Adressraum | ||||
/1 | 2.147.483.648 | |||||
128.0.0.0 | 10000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
|
|||||
/2 | 1.073.741.824 | |||||
192.0.0.0 | 11000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
|
|||||
/3 | 536.870.912 | |||||
224.0.0.0 | 11100000.00000000.00000000.00000000
|
|||||
/4 | 268.435.456 | |||||
240.0.0.0 | 11110000.00000000.00000000.00000000
|
|||||
/5 | 134.217.728 | |||||
248.0.0.0 | 11111000.00000000.00000000.00000000
|
|||||
/6 | 67.108.864 | |||||
252.0.0.0 | 11111100.00000000.00000000.00000000
|
|||||
/7 | 33.554.432 | |||||
254.0.0.0 | 11111110.00000000.00000000.00000000
|
|||||
/8 | 16.777.216 | 16.777.214 | 255.0.0.0 | 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
|
"Class A"-Größe | |
/9 | 8.388.608 | 128 x 65.536 | 8.388.606 | 255.128.0.0 | 11111111.10000000.00000000.00000000
|
|
/10 | 4.194.304 | 64 x 65.536 | 4.194.302 | 255.192.0.0 | 11111111.11000000.00000000.00000000
|
|
/11 | 2.097.152 | 32 x 65.536 | 2.097.150 | 255.224.0.0 | 11111111.11100000.00000000.00000000
|
|
/12 | 1.048.576 | 16 x 65.536 | 1.048.574 | 255.240.0.0 | 11111111.11110000.00000000.00000000
|
|
/13 | 524.288 | 8 x 65.536 | 524.286 | 255.248.0.0 | 11111111.11111000.00000000.00000000
|
|
/14 | 262.144 | 4 x 65.536 | 262.142 | 255.252.0.0 | 11111111.11111100.00000000.00000000
|
|
/15 | 131.072 | 2 x 65.536 | 131.070 | 255.254.0.0 | 11111111.11111110.00000000.00000000
|
|
/16 | 65.536 | 1 x 65.536 | 65.534 | 255.255.0.0 | 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
|
"Class B"-Größe |
/17 | 32.76 | 128 x 256 | 32.766 | 255.255.128.0 | 11111111.11111111.10000000.00000000
|
|
/18 | 16.384 | 64 x 256 | 16.382 | 255.255.192.0 | 11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000
|
|
/19 | 8.192 | 32 x 256 | 8.190 | 255.255.224.0 | 11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000
|
|
/20 | 4.096 | 16 x 256 | 4.094 | 255.255.240.0 | 11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000
|
|
/21 | 2.048 | 8 x 256 | 2.046 | 255.255.248.0 | 11111111.11111111.11111000.00000000
|
|
/22 | 1.024 | 4 x 256 | 1.022 | 255.255.252.0 | 11111111.11111111.11111100.00000000
|
|
/23 | 512 | 2 x 256 | 510 | 255.255.254.0 | 11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
|
|
/24 | 256 | 1 x 256 | 254 | 255.255.255.0 | 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
|
"Class C"-Größe |
/25 | 128 | 128 x 1 | 126 | 255.255.255.128 | 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000
|
|
/26 | 64 | 64 x 1 | 62 | 255.255.255.192 | 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000
|
|
/27 | 32 | 32 x 1 | 30 | 255.255.255.224 | 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000
|
|
/28 | 16 | 16 x 1 | 14 | 255.255.255.240 | 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
|
|
/29 | 8 | 8 x 1 | 6 | 255.255.255.248 | 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000
|
|
/30 | 4 | 4 x 1 | 2 | 255.255.255.252 | 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100
|
Verbindungsnetz zwischen zwei Routern |
/31 | 2 | 2 x 1 | 0 (2) | 255.255.255.254 | 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111110
|
Verbindungsnetz zwischen zwei Routern |
/32 | 1 | 1 x 1 | 0 (1) | 255.255.255.255 | 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111
|
einzelner Host |
Anhang
Siehe auch
Dokumentation
- Man-Page
- Info-Page
Links
Projekt
Weblinks