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'''ping''' - Erreichbarkeit eines Netzwerkknotens prüfen | |||
ping | |||
= | == Beschreibung == | ||
Erreichbarkeit eines Netzwerkknotens mit einem [[ICMP]] [[ECHO_REQUEST]] prüfen | |||
; PING - Packed INternet Grouper | |||
Prüft die Erreichbarkeit eines Netzwerkknotens durch Senden eines ICMP ECHO_REQUEST | |||
* '''[[ping]]''' prüft die Verbindung zu einem Zielsystem, indem es einen '''Echo Request''' sendet und einen '''Echo Reply''' erwartet | |||
ping | $ '''ping google.de''' | ||
PING google.de(ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003)) 56 data bytes | |||
64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=1 ttl=119 time=25.7 ms | |||
64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=2 ttl=119 time=22.9 ms | |||
64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=3 ttl=119 time=22.6 ms | |||
64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=4 ttl=119 time=22.9 ms | |||
64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=5 ttl=119 time=23.1 ms | |||
^C | |||
--- google.de ping statistics --- | |||
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4006ms | |||
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 22.572/23.416/25.650/1.130 ms | |||
== Installation == | |||
[[ping]] ist Teil des Pakets [[iputils-ping]] | |||
== Aufruf == | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash" highlight="1" line copy> | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
=== Optionen === | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable options gnu big" | |||
|- | |||
! Unix !! GNU !! Parameter !! Beschreibung | |||
|- | |||
| || || || | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
= | === Parameter === | ||
=== Umgebungsvariablen === | |||
=== Exit-Status === | |||
{| class="wikitable options col1center big" | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |- | ||
! Wert !! Beschreibung | |||
|- | |||
| 0 || Erfolg | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | >0 || Fehler | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Anwendung == | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash" highlight="1" line copy> | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
<!-- output --> | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash" highlight="" line> | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
; "Nur ein Ping" | |||
-c ANZAHL | |||
$ ping -c 10 foxtom.de | |||
-w ENDE || $ ping -w 15 foxtom.de || | |||
-W AUSZEIT || $ ping -W 015 foxtom.de || | |||
-i INTERVALL || $ ping -i 15 foxtom.de || | |||
-I SCHNITTSTELLE || $ ping -I enp2s0 ($ ip a)foxtom.de || | |||
=== Ping und MTU === | |||
* Die im Befehl ping angegebene Größe entspricht der Anzahl der zu sendenden Datenbytes. | |||
* Diese muss also 28 Byte kleiner sein als die tatsächliche Paketgröße, um die Größe des Paket-Headers zu berücksichtigen. | |||
* Dieser lässt sich recht einfach über Bordmittel des Betriebssystems bestimmen. | |||
* siehe [[MTU]] | |||
'''Beispiel''' | |||
$ ping -s 1500 -c 10 -M do <Hostname> | |||
{| class="wikitable" | === Problembehebung === | ||
* Viele Hosts und Gateways ignorieren die Option RECORD_ROUTE. | |||
* Die maximale Länge des IP-Headers ist zu gering, als dass Optionen wie RECORD_ROUTE vollständig genutzt werden könnten. Hiergegen lässt sich jedoch nicht viel unternehmen. | |||
* Flood-Pinging wird generell nicht empfohlen, und Flood-Pinging der Broadcast-Adresse sollte nur unter streng kontrollierten Bedingungen durchgeführt werden. | |||
== Konfiguration == | |||
=== Dateien === | |||
{| class="wikitable options big" | |||
|- | |||
! Datei !! Beschreibung | |||
|- | |||
| || | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | || | ||
|} | |} | ||
{|class="wikitable" | <noinclude> | ||
!Option !! Beschreibung | |||
== Anhang == | |||
=== Siehe auch === | |||
<div style="column-count:2"> | |||
<categorytree hideroot=on mode="pages">{{BASEPAGENAME}}</categorytree> | |||
</div> | |||
---- | |||
{{Special:PrefixIndex/{{BASEPAGENAME}}/}} | |||
---- | |||
* [[netstat]](1) | |||
* [[ifconfig]](1) | |||
* [[routed]](8) | |||
=== Dokumentation === | |||
; Man-Page | |||
# [https://manpages.debian.org/stable/inetutils-ping/ping.1.en.html ping(1)] | |||
<!-- | |||
; Info-Pages | |||
--> | |||
=== Links === | |||
==== Projekt ==== | |||
==== Weblinks ==== | |||
# https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/ping/ | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:ping}} | |||
{{DISPLAYTITLE:ping}} | |||
[[Kategorie:Linux/Monitoring]] | |||
[[Kategorie:Linux/Befehl]] | |||
[[Kategorie:Linux/Netzwerk/Befehl]] | |||
[[Kategorie:ICMP]] | |||
</noinclude> | |||
= TMP = | |||
== Aufruf == | |||
ping [-aAbBdDfhLnOqrRUvV46] [-c count] [-F flowlabel] [-i interval] [-I interface] [-l preload] | |||
[-m mark] [-M pmtudisc_option] [-N nodeinfo_option] [-w deadline] [-W timeout] [-p pattern] | |||
[-Q tos] [-s packetsize] [-S sndbuf] [-t ttl] [-T timestamp option] [hop...] {destination} | |||
Anstelle der IP-Adresse kann auch ein Host-Name angegeben werden. Es wird dann versucht, diesen in eine DNS-Adresse aufzulösen. | |||
$ ping OPTIONEN 10.10.0.1 | |||
Man muss ping entweder händisch stoppen '''(mit Strg + C )''' oder mit der entsprechenden Option die Anzahl der gesendeten Pakete begrenzen. | |||
; Es gibt zwei Varianten des ping-Befehl | |||
* ping - für IPv4-Adressen | |||
* ping6 - für IPv6-Adressen | |||
$ '''ping foxtom.de''' | |||
PING foxtom.de (116.202.118.50) 56(84) bytes of data. | |||
64 bytes from mx10.foxtom.de (116.202.118.50): icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 time=28.5 ms | |||
64 bytes from mx10.foxtom.de (116.202.118.50): icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 time=22.7 ms | |||
64 bytes from mx10.foxtom.de (116.202.118.50): icmp_seq=3 ttl=54 time=22.8 ms | |||
^C | |||
--- foxtom.de ping statistics --- | |||
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2001ms | |||
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 22.685/24.664/28.471/2.692 ms | |||
=== Optionen === | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable options big" | |||
|- | |||
! Option !! Beschreibung | |||
|- | |||
| -4 || Use IPv4 only. | |||
|- | |||
| -6 || Use IPv6 only. | |||
|- | |||
| -a || Audible ping. | |||
|- | |||
|-A || Adaptive ping. Interpacket interval adapts to round-trip time, so that effectively not more than one (or more, if preload is set) unanswered | |||
probe is present in the network. Minimal interval is 200msec unless super-user. On networks with low RTT this mode is essentially equivalent | |||
to flood mode. | |||
|- | |||
| -b || Allow pinging a broadcast address. | |||
|- | |||
| -B || Do not allow ping to change source address of probes. The address is bound to one selected when ping starts. | |||
|- | |||
| -c count || Stop after sending count ECHO_REQUEST packets. With deadline option, ping waits for count ECHO_REPLY packets, until the timeout expires. | |||
|- | |||
| -d || Set the SO_DEBUG option on the socket being used. Essentially, this socket option is not used by Linux kernel. | |||
|- | |||
|-D || Print timestamp (unix time + microseconds as in gettimeofday) before each line. | |||
|- | |||
|-f || Flood ping. For every ECHO_REQUEST sent a period "." is printed, while for every ECHO_REPLY received a backspace is printed. This provides a | |||
rapid display of how many packets are being dropped. If interval is not given, it sets interval to zero and outputs packets as fast as they | |||
come back or one hundred times per second, whichever is more. Only the super-user may use this option with zero interval. | |||
|- | |||
| -F flow label || IPv6 only. Allocate and set 20 bit flow label (in hex) on echo request packets. If value is zero, kernel allocates random flow label. | |||
|- | |||
| -h || Show help. | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |-i interval || Wait interval seconds between sending each packet. Real number allowed with dot as a decimal separator (regardless locale setup). The default | ||
is to wait for one second between each packet normally, or not to wait in flood mode. Only super-user may set interval to values less than | |||
0.2 seconds. | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |-I interface || interface is either an address, an interface name or a VRF name. If interface is an address, it sets source address to specified interface | ||
address. If interface is an interface name, it sets source interface to specified interface. If interface is a VRF name, each packet is | |||
routed using the corresponding routing table; in this case, the -I option can be repeated to specify a source address. NOTE: For IPv6, when | |||
doing ping to a link-local scope address, link specification (by the '%'-notation in destination, or by this option) can be used but it is no | |||
longer required. | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | -l preload || If preload is specified, ping sends that many packets not waiting for reply. Only the super-user may select preload more than 3. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | -L || Suppress loopback of multicast packets. This flag only applies if the ping destination is a multicast address. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | -m mark || use mark to tag the packets going out. This is useful for variety of reasons within the kernel such as using policy routing to select | ||
specific outbound processing. | |||
|- | |- | ||
| -M pmtudisc_opt || Select Path MTU Discovery strategy. pmtudisc_option may be either do (prohibit fragmentation, even local one), want (do PMTU discovery, | |||
fragment locally when packet size is large), or dont (do not set DF flag). | |||
|- | |||
| -N nodeinfo_option || IPv6 only. Send ICMPv6 Node Information Queries (RFC4620), instead of Echo Request. CAP_NET_RAW capability is required. | |||
|} | |} | ||
= | === Paketaufbau === | ||
[[File:Ping.png|800px]] | |||
== | |||
[[ | |||
Aktuelle Version vom 8. November 2025, 09:31 Uhr
ping - Erreichbarkeit eines Netzwerkknotens prüfen
Beschreibung
Erreichbarkeit eines Netzwerkknotens mit einem ICMP ECHO_REQUEST prüfen
- PING - Packed INternet Grouper
Prüft die Erreichbarkeit eines Netzwerkknotens durch Senden eines ICMP ECHO_REQUEST
- ping prüft die Verbindung zu einem Zielsystem, indem es einen Echo Request sendet und einen Echo Reply erwartet
$ ping google.de PING google.de(ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003)) 56 data bytes 64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=1 ttl=119 time=25.7 ms 64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=2 ttl=119 time=22.9 ms 64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=3 ttl=119 time=22.6 ms 64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=4 ttl=119 time=22.9 ms 64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=5 ttl=119 time=23.1 ms ^C --- google.de ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4006ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 22.572/23.416/25.650/1.130 ms
Installation
ping ist Teil des Pakets iputils-ping
Aufruf
Optionen
| Unix | GNU | Parameter | Beschreibung |
|---|---|---|---|
Parameter
Umgebungsvariablen
Exit-Status
| Wert | Beschreibung |
|---|---|
| 0 | Erfolg |
| >0 | Fehler |
Anwendung
- "Nur ein Ping"
-c ANZAHL $ ping -c 10 foxtom.de
-w ENDE || $ ping -w 15 foxtom.de || -W AUSZEIT || $ ping -W 015 foxtom.de || -i INTERVALL || $ ping -i 15 foxtom.de || -I SCHNITTSTELLE || $ ping -I enp2s0 ($ ip a)foxtom.de ||
Ping und MTU
- Die im Befehl ping angegebene Größe entspricht der Anzahl der zu sendenden Datenbytes.
- Diese muss also 28 Byte kleiner sein als die tatsächliche Paketgröße, um die Größe des Paket-Headers zu berücksichtigen.
- Dieser lässt sich recht einfach über Bordmittel des Betriebssystems bestimmen.
- siehe MTU
Beispiel
$ ping -s 1500 -c 10 -M do <Hostname>
Problembehebung
- Viele Hosts und Gateways ignorieren die Option RECORD_ROUTE.
- Die maximale Länge des IP-Headers ist zu gering, als dass Optionen wie RECORD_ROUTE vollständig genutzt werden könnten. Hiergegen lässt sich jedoch nicht viel unternehmen.
- Flood-Pinging wird generell nicht empfohlen, und Flood-Pinging der Broadcast-Adresse sollte nur unter streng kontrollierten Bedingungen durchgeführt werden.
Konfiguration
Dateien
| Datei | Beschreibung |
|---|---|
Anhang
Siehe auch
Dokumentation
- Man-Page
Links
Projekt
Weblinks
TMP
Aufruf
ping [-aAbBdDfhLnOqrRUvV46] [-c count] [-F flowlabel] [-i interval] [-I interface] [-l preload]
[-m mark] [-M pmtudisc_option] [-N nodeinfo_option] [-w deadline] [-W timeout] [-p pattern]
[-Q tos] [-s packetsize] [-S sndbuf] [-t ttl] [-T timestamp option] [hop...] {destination}
Anstelle der IP-Adresse kann auch ein Host-Name angegeben werden. Es wird dann versucht, diesen in eine DNS-Adresse aufzulösen.
$ ping OPTIONEN 10.10.0.1
Man muss ping entweder händisch stoppen (mit Strg + C ) oder mit der entsprechenden Option die Anzahl der gesendeten Pakete begrenzen.
- Es gibt zwei Varianten des ping-Befehl
- ping - für IPv4-Adressen
- ping6 - für IPv6-Adressen
$ ping foxtom.de PING foxtom.de (116.202.118.50) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from mx10.foxtom.de (116.202.118.50): icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 time=28.5 ms 64 bytes from mx10.foxtom.de (116.202.118.50): icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 time=22.7 ms 64 bytes from mx10.foxtom.de (116.202.118.50): icmp_seq=3 ttl=54 time=22.8 ms ^C --- foxtom.de ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2001ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 22.685/24.664/28.471/2.692 ms
Optionen
| Option | Beschreibung |
|---|---|
| -4 | Use IPv4 only. |
| -6 | Use IPv6 only. |
| -a | Audible ping. |
| -b | Allow pinging a broadcast address. |
| -B | Do not allow ping to change source address of probes. The address is bound to one selected when ping starts. |
| -c count | Stop after sending count ECHO_REQUEST packets. With deadline option, ping waits for count ECHO_REPLY packets, until the timeout expires. |
| -d | Set the SO_DEBUG option on the socket being used. Essentially, this socket option is not used by Linux kernel. |
| -F flow label | IPv6 only. Allocate and set 20 bit flow label (in hex) on echo request packets. If value is zero, kernel allocates random flow label. |
| -h | Show help. |
| -l preload | If preload is specified, ping sends that many packets not waiting for reply. Only the super-user may select preload more than 3. |
| -L | Suppress loopback of multicast packets. This flag only applies if the ping destination is a multicast address. |
| -m mark | use mark to tag the packets going out. This is useful for variety of reasons within the kernel such as using policy routing to select
specific outbound processing. |
| -M pmtudisc_opt | Select Path MTU Discovery strategy. pmtudisc_option may be either do (prohibit fragmentation, even local one), want (do PMTU discovery,
fragment locally when packet size is large), or dont (do not set DF flag). |
| -N nodeinfo_option | IPv6 only. Send ICMPv6 Node Information Queries (RFC4620), instead of Echo Request. CAP_NET_RAW capability is required. |