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'''chage''' - (change age) Ablaufdatum des Passworts und damit   verknüpfte Fristen
chage - (change age) Ablaufdatum des Passworts und damit verknüpfte Fristen
== Beschreibung ==
== Beschreibung ==
The chage command changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change
* This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change their password
; Anmerkungen
Das Programm chage benötigt eine Shadow-Passwortdatei
Das Programm chage gibt nur die Informationen aus der Shadow-Passwortdatei aus
* Das bedeutet, dass Konfigurationen aus anderen Quellen (z. B.
* LDAP oder leere Passwort-Hash-Felder aus der passwd-Datei), die sich auf die Anmeldung des Benutzers auswirken, nicht in der Ausgabe von chage angezeigt werden
Das Programm chage meldet auch keine Inkonsistenzen zwischen den Shadow- und Passwd-Dateien (z. B.
* fehlendes x in der Passwd-Datei).
* Mit pwck können solche Inkonsistenzen überprüft werden.
Der Befehl chage ist auf den Root-Benutzer beschränkt, mit Ausnahme der Option -l, die von einem nicht privilegierten Benutzer verwendet werden kann, um festzustellen, wann sein Passwort oder Konto abläuft.


== Installation ==
== Installation ==
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</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


=== Optionen ===
== Optionen ==
{| class="wikitable sortable options gnu big"
{| class="wikitable sortable options gnu big"
|-
|-
! Unix !! GNU !! Parameter !! Beschreibung
! Unix !! GNU !! Parameter !! Beschreibung
|-
|-
| || || ||  
| -d || --lastday || LAST_DAY || Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last changed
* The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY-MM-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area)
* If the LAST_DAY is set to 0 the user is forced to change his password on the next log on
|-
| -E || --expiredate || EXPIRE_DATE || setzt den Tag angegeben als Anzahl von Tagen nach dem 1
* Januar 1970, ab dem das Benutzerkonto nicht mehr zugänglich sein soll
* Das Datum kann auch im Format JJJJ-MM-TT (oder in dem Format, das in Ihrer Region verbreitet ist) angegeben werden
* Ein Benutzer, dessen Konto stillgelegt ist, muss sich mit dem Systemadministrator in Verbindung setzen, ehe er das System wieder verwenden kann
 
For example the following can be used to set an account to expire in 180 days:
chage -E $(date -d +180days +%Y-%m-%d)
Passing the number -1 as the EXPIRE_DATE will remove an account expiration date
|-
| -h || --help || || zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm
|-
|-
| -i || --iso8601 || || Bei der Datumsausgabe das ISO-Format JJJJ-MM-TT verwenden
|-
| -I || --inactive INACTIVE || || Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the account is locked
* The INACTIVE option is the number of days of inactivity
* A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again
Passing the number -1 as the INACTIVE will remove an account's inactivity
|-
| -l || --list || || zeigt den Zugang zum Benutzerkonto betreffende Fristen an
|-
| -m || --mindays || MIN_DAYS || Set the minimum number of days between password changes to MIN_DAYS
* A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time
|-
| -M || --maxdays || MAX_DAYS || Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid
* When MAX_DAYS plus LAST_DAY is less than the current day, the user will be required to change their password before being able to use their account
* This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the -W option, which provides the user with advance warning
Passing the number -1 as MAX_DAYS will remove checking a password's validity
|-
| -R || --root || CHROOT_DIR || Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR directory and use the configuration files from the CHROOT_DIR directory
* Only absolute paths are supported
|-
| -P || --prefix || PREFIX_DIR || Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory PREFIX_DIR
* This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target
* Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified
* No SELINUX support
|-
| -W || --warndays || WARN_DAYS || Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required
* The WARN_DAYS option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire
If none of the options are selected, chage operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields
* Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value
* The current value is displayed between a pair of [ ] marks
|}
|}


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| 0 || Erfolg
| 0 || Erfolg
|-
|-
| >0 || Fehler
| >0 || Fehler
|}
|}




; RÜCKGABEWERTE
; RÜCKGABEWERTE
The '''chage''' command exits with the following values:
The chage command exits with the following values:


''0''
0


success
success


''1''
1


permission denied
permission denied


''2''
2


invalid command syntax
invalid command syntax


''15''
15


can't find the shadow password file
can't find the shadow password file
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== Konfiguration ==
== Konfiguration ==
The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this tool:
=== Dateien ===
=== Dateien ===
{| class="wikitable options big"
{| class="wikitable options big"
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! Datei !! Beschreibung
! Datei !! Beschreibung
|-
|-
| ||  
| [[/etc/passwd]] || Informationen zu Benutzerkonten
|-
|-
| ||  
| [[/etc/shadow]] || Geschützte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
|}
|}
; DATEIEN
/etc/passwd
Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
/etc/shadow
geschützte Informationen zu den  Benutzerkonten


<noinclude>
<noinclude>
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=== Dokumentation ===
=== Dokumentation ===
; Man-Page  
; Man-Page
# [https://manpages.debian.org/stable/passwd/chage.1.de.html chage(1)]
# [https://manpages.debian.org/stable/passwd/chage.1.de.html chage(1)]


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{{DISPLAYTITLE:chage}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:chage}}


[[Kategorie:Linux/Benutzer/Befehl]]
</noinclude>
</noinclude>
= TMP =
= BESCHREIBUNG =
The '''chage''' command changes the number of days between    password changes and the date of the last password change. This information    is used by the system to determine when a user must change their  password.
= OPTIONEN =
The options which apply to the '''chage''' command are:
'''-d''', '''--lastday''' ''LAST_DAY''
Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the  password was last changed. The date may also be expressed in the format  YYYY-MM-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area). If the  ''LAST_DAY'' is set to ''0'' the user is forced to change his password  on the next log on.
'''-E''', '''--expiredate''' ''EXPIRE_DATE''
setzt den Tag angegeben als Anzahl von Tagen nach dem 1.  Januar 1970, ab dem das Benutzerkonto nicht mehr zugänglich sein soll.  Das Datum kann auch im Format JJJJ-MM-TT (oder in dem Format, das in Ihrer  Region verbreitet ist) angegeben werden. Ein Benutzer, dessen Konto  stillgelegt ist, muss sich mit dem Systemadministrator in Verbindung setzen,  ehe er das System wieder verwenden kann.
For example the following can be used to set an account to expire    in 180 days:
    chage -E $(date -d +180days +%Y-%m-%d)
 
Passing the number ''-1'' as the ''EXPIRE_DATE'' will remove    an account expiration date.
'''-h''', '''--help'''
zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm.
'''-i''', '''--iso8601'''
Bei der Datumsausgabe das ISO-Format JJJJ-MM-TT  verwenden
'''-I''', '''--inactive''' ''INACTIVE''
Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has  expired before the account is locked. The ''INACTIVE'' option is the number  of days of inactivity. A user whose account is locked must contact the system  administrator before being able to use the system again.
Passing the number ''-1'' as the ''INACTIVE'' will remove an    account's inactivity.
'''-l''', '''--list'''
zeigt den Zugang zum Benutzerkonto betreffende Fristen  an.
'''-m''', '''--mindays''' ''MIN_DAYS''
Set the minimum number of days between password changes  to ''MIN_DAYS''. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may  change their password at any time.
'''-M''', '''--maxdays''' ''MAX_DAYS''
Set the maximum number of days during which a password is  valid. When ''MAX_DAYS'' plus ''LAST_DAY'' is less than the current day,  the user will be required to change their password before being able to use  their account. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the  '''-W''' option, which provides the user with advance warning.
Passing the number ''-1'' as ''MAX_DAYS'' will remove    checking a password's validity.
'''-R''', '''--root''' ''CHROOT_DIR''
Apply changes in the ''CHROOT_DIR'' directory and use  the configuration files from the ''CHROOT_DIR'' directory. Only absolute  paths are supported.
'''-P''', '''--prefix''' ''PREFIX_DIR''
Apply changes to configuration files under the root  filesystem found under the directory ''PREFIX_DIR''. This option does not  chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some  limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. No SELINUX  support.
'''-W''', '''--warndays''' ''WARN_DAYS''
Set the number of days of warning before a password  change is required. The ''WARN_DAYS'' option is the number of days prior to  the password expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to  expire.
If none of the options are selected, '''chage''' operates in an    interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of    the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank    to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair of    ''[ ]'' marks.
= ANMERKUNGEN =
The '''chage''' program requires a shadow password file to be    available.
The chage program will report only the information from the shadow    password file. This implies that configuration from other sources (e.g. LDAP    or empty password hash field from the passwd file) that affect the user's    login will not be shown in the chage output.
The '''chage''' program will also not report any inconsistency    between the shadow and passwd files (e.g. missing x in the passwd file). The    '''pwck''' can be used to check for this kind of inconsistencies.
The '''chage''' command is restricted to the root user, except    for the '''-l''' option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to    determine when their password or account is due to expire.
[[Kategorie:Linux/Benutzer]]

Aktuelle Version vom 27. September 2025, 23:35 Uhr

chage - (change age) Ablaufdatum des Passworts und damit verknüpfte Fristen

Beschreibung

The chage command changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change

  • This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change their password
Anmerkungen

Das Programm chage benötigt eine Shadow-Passwortdatei

Das Programm chage gibt nur die Informationen aus der Shadow-Passwortdatei aus

  • Das bedeutet, dass Konfigurationen aus anderen Quellen (z. B.
  • LDAP oder leere Passwort-Hash-Felder aus der passwd-Datei), die sich auf die Anmeldung des Benutzers auswirken, nicht in der Ausgabe von chage angezeigt werden

Das Programm chage meldet auch keine Inkonsistenzen zwischen den Shadow- und Passwd-Dateien (z. B.

  • fehlendes x in der Passwd-Datei).
  • Mit pwck können solche Inkonsistenzen überprüft werden.

Der Befehl chage ist auf den Root-Benutzer beschränkt, mit Ausnahme der Option -l, die von einem nicht privilegierten Benutzer verwendet werden kann, um festzustellen, wann sein Passwort oder Konto abläuft.

Installation

Aufruf

sudo chage [options] LOGIN

Optionen

Unix GNU Parameter Beschreibung
-d --lastday LAST_DAY Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last changed
  • The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY-MM-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area)
  • If the LAST_DAY is set to 0 the user is forced to change his password on the next log on
-E --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE setzt den Tag angegeben als Anzahl von Tagen nach dem 1
  • Januar 1970, ab dem das Benutzerkonto nicht mehr zugänglich sein soll
  • Das Datum kann auch im Format JJJJ-MM-TT (oder in dem Format, das in Ihrer Region verbreitet ist) angegeben werden
  • Ein Benutzer, dessen Konto stillgelegt ist, muss sich mit dem Systemadministrator in Verbindung setzen, ehe er das System wieder verwenden kann

For example the following can be used to set an account to expire in 180 days:

	 chage -E $(date -d +180days +%Y-%m-%d)
	

Passing the number -1 as the EXPIRE_DATE will remove an account expiration date

-h --help zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm
-i --iso8601 Bei der Datumsausgabe das ISO-Format JJJJ-MM-TT verwenden
-I --inactive INACTIVE Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the account is locked
  • The INACTIVE option is the number of days of inactivity
  • A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again

Passing the number -1 as the INACTIVE will remove an account's inactivity

-l --list zeigt den Zugang zum Benutzerkonto betreffende Fristen an
-m --mindays MIN_DAYS Set the minimum number of days between password changes to MIN_DAYS
  • A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time
-M --maxdays MAX_DAYS Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid
  • When MAX_DAYS plus LAST_DAY is less than the current day, the user will be required to change their password before being able to use their account
  • This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the -W option, which provides the user with advance warning

Passing the number -1 as MAX_DAYS will remove checking a password's validity

-R --root CHROOT_DIR Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR directory and use the configuration files from the CHROOT_DIR directory
  • Only absolute paths are supported
-P --prefix PREFIX_DIR Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory PREFIX_DIR
  • This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target
  • Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified
  • No SELINUX support
-W --warndays WARN_DAYS Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required
  • The WARN_DAYS option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire

If none of the options are selected, chage operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields

  • Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value
  • The current value is displayed between a pair of [ ] marks

Parameter

Umgebungsvariablen

Exit-Status

Wert Beschreibung
0 Erfolg
>0 Fehler


RÜCKGABEWERTE

The chage command exits with the following values:

0

success

1

permission denied

2

invalid command syntax

15

can't find the shadow password file

Anwendung

Problembehebung

Konfiguration

The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this tool:

Dateien

Datei Beschreibung
/etc/passwd Informationen zu Benutzerkonten
/etc/shadow Geschützte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten


Anhang

Siehe auch



Dokumentation

Man-Page
  1. chage(1)

Links

Projekt

Weblinks