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ping ('''P'''acked '''I'''nternet '''G'''rouper) ist ein Programm / Befehl zum Prüfen der Erreichbarkeit von anderen Rechnern oder Geräten über ein (beliebiges) Netzwerk.
'''ping''' - Prüft die Erreichbarkeit eines Netzwerkknotens durch Senden eines ICMP ECHO_REQUEST


= Beschreibung =
== Beschreibung ==
= Installation =
'''p'''acked '''in'''ternet '''g'''rouper
Die Programme ping und ping6 sind in jeder Installation bereits enthalten und im Paket '''iputils-ping''' integriert.
* Prüft die Erreichbarkeit eines Netzwerkknotens durch Senden eines ICMP ECHO_REQUEST


= Syntax =
'''[[ping]]''' prüft die Verbindung zu einem Zielsystem, indem es einen '''Echo Request''' sendet und einen '''Echo Reply''' erwartet
Der Befehl hat die folgende, allgemeine Syntax:
 
  $ ping OPTIONEN IP-ADRESSE
$ '''ping google.de'''
PING google.de(ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003)) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=1 ttl=119 time=25.7 ms
64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=2 ttl=119 time=22.9 ms
64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=3 ttl=119 time=22.6 ms
64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=4 ttl=119 time=22.9 ms
64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=5 ttl=119 time=23.1 ms
^C
--- google.de ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4006ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 22.572/23.416/25.650/1.130 ms
 
== Installation ==
* ''ping'' ist Teil des Pakets [[iputils-ping]]
*  sollte in jeder Installation enthalten sein
 
== Aufruf ==
  ping [-aAbBdDfhLnOqrRUvV46] [-c count] [-F flowlabel] [-i interval] [-I interface] [-l preload]
[-m mark] [-M pmtudisc_option] [-N nodeinfo_option] [-w deadline] [-W timeout] [-p pattern]
[-Q tos] [-s packetsize] [-S sndbuf] [-t ttl] [-T timestamp option] [hop...] {destination}


Anstelle der IP-Adresse kann auch ein Host-Name angegeben werden. Es wird dann versucht, diesen in eine DNS-Adresse aufzulösen.
Anstelle der IP-Adresse kann auch ein Host-Name angegeben werden. Es wird dann versucht, diesen in eine DNS-Adresse aufzulösen.
Zeile 14: Zeile 33:
Man muss ping entweder händisch stoppen '''(mit Strg + C )''' oder mit der entsprechenden Option die Anzahl der gesendeten Pakete begrenzen.
Man muss ping entweder händisch stoppen '''(mit Strg + C )''' oder mit der entsprechenden Option die Anzahl der gesendeten Pakete begrenzen.


Es gibt zwei Varianten des ping-Befehl
; Es gibt zwei Varianten des ping-Befehl
* ping - für IPv4-Adressen
* ping - für IPv4-Adressen
* ping6 - für IPv6-Adressen
* ping6 - für IPv6-Adressen


  $ ping www.google.com      >>  zeigt uns ip von google   
  $ '''ping foxtom.de'''
  64 bytes from ams15s33-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.20.68): icmp_seq=1 ttl=119 time=15.8 m
PING foxtom.de (116.202.118.50) 56(84) bytes of data.
== Parameter ==
  64 bytes from mx10.foxtom.de (116.202.118.50): icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 time=28.5 ms
== Optionen ==
64 bytes from mx10.foxtom.de (116.202.118.50): icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 time=22.7 ms
'''-4'''
64 bytes from mx10.foxtom.de (116.202.118.50): icmp_seq=3 ttl=54 time=22.8 ms
Use IPv4 only.
^C
--- foxtom.de ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 22.685/24.664/28.471/2.692 ms


'''-6'''
=== Optionen ===
Use IPv6 only.
{| class="wikitable sortable options"
 
|-
'''-a'''
! Option !! Beschreibung
Audible ping.
|-
 
| '''-4''' || Use IPv4 only.
'''-A'''
|-
Adaptive ping. Interpacket interval adapts to round-trip time, so that effectively not more than one (or more, if preload is set) unanswered
| '''-6''' || Use IPv6 only.
|-
| '''-a''' || Audible ping.
|-
|'''-A''' || Adaptive ping. Interpacket interval adapts to round-trip time, so that effectively not more than one (or more, if preload is set) unanswered
probe is present in the network. Minimal interval is 200msec unless super-user. On networks with low RTT this mode is essentially equivalent
probe is present in the network. Minimal interval is 200msec unless super-user. On networks with low RTT this mode is essentially equivalent
to flood mode.
to flood mode.
 
|-
'''-b'''
| '''-b''' || Allow pinging a broadcast address.
Allow pinging a broadcast address.
|-
 
| '''-B''' || Do not allow ping to change source address of probes. The address is bound to one selected when ping starts.
'''-B'''
|-
Do not allow ping to change source address of probes. The address is bound to one selected when ping starts.
| '''-c''' count || Stop after sending count ECHO_REQUEST packets. With deadline option, ping waits for count ECHO_REPLY packets, until the timeout expires.
 
|-
'''-c''' count
| '''-d''' || Set the SO_DEBUG option on the socket being used. Essentially, this socket option is not used by Linux kernel.
Stop after sending count ECHO_REQUEST packets. With deadline option, ping waits for count ECHO_REPLY packets, until the timeout expires.
|-
 
|'''-D''' || Print timestamp (unix time + microseconds as in gettimeofday) before each line.
'''-d'''
|-
Set the SO_DEBUG option on the socket being used. Essentially, this socket option is not used by Linux kernel.
|'''-f''' || Flood ping. For every ECHO_REQUEST sent a period “.” is printed, while for every ECHO_REPLY received a backspace is printed. This provides a
 
'''-D'''
Print timestamp (unix time + microseconds as in gettimeofday) before each line.
 
'''-f'''
Flood ping. For every ECHO_REQUEST sent a period “.” is printed, while for every ECHO_REPLY received a backspace is printed. This provides a
rapid display of how many packets are being dropped. If interval is not given, it sets interval to zero and outputs packets as fast as they
rapid display of how many packets are being dropped. If interval is not given, it sets interval to zero and outputs packets as fast as they
come back or one hundred times per second, whichever is more. Only the super-user may use this option with zero interval.
come back or one hundred times per second, whichever is more. Only the super-user may use this option with zero interval.
 
|-
'''-F''' flow label
| '''-F''' flow label || IPv6 only. Allocate and set 20 bit flow label (in hex) on echo request packets. If value is zero, kernel allocates random flow label.
IPv6 only. Allocate and set 20 bit flow label (in hex) on echo request packets. If value is zero, kernel allocates random flow label.
|-
 
| '''-h''' || Show help.
'''-h'''
|-
Show help.
|'''-i''' interval || Wait interval seconds between sending each packet. Real number allowed with dot as a decimal separator (regardless locale setup). The default
 
'''-i''' interval
Wait interval seconds between sending each packet. Real number allowed with dot as a decimal separator (regardless locale setup). The default
is to wait for one second between each packet normally, or not to wait in flood mode. Only super-user may set interval to values less than
is to wait for one second between each packet normally, or not to wait in flood mode. Only super-user may set interval to values less than
0.2 seconds.
0.2 seconds.
 
|-
'''-I''' interface
|'''-I''' interface || interface is either an address, an interface name or a VRF name. If interface is an address, it sets source address to specified interface
interface is either an address, an interface name or a VRF name. If interface is an address, it sets source address to specified interface
address. If interface is an interface name, it sets source interface to specified interface. If interface is a VRF name, each packet is
address. If interface is an interface name, it sets source interface to specified interface. If interface is a VRF name, each packet is
routed using the corresponding routing table; in this case, the -I option can be repeated to specify a source address. NOTE: For IPv6, when
routed using the corresponding routing table; in this case, the -I option can be repeated to specify a source address. NOTE: For IPv6, when
doing ping to a link-local scope address, link specification (by the '%'-notation in destination, or by this option) can be used but it is no
doing ping to a link-local scope address, link specification (by the '%'-notation in destination, or by this option) can be used but it is no
longer required.
longer required.
 
|-
'''-l''' preload
| '''-l''' preload || If preload is specified, ping sends that many packets not waiting for reply. Only the super-user may select preload more than 3.
If preload is specified, ping sends that many packets not waiting for reply. Only the super-user may select preload more than 3.
|-
 
| '''-L''' || Suppress loopback of multicast packets. This flag only applies if the ping destination is a multicast address.
'''-L'''
|-
Suppress loopback of multicast packets. This flag only applies if the ping destination is a multicast address.
| '''-m''' mark || use mark to tag the packets going out. This is useful for variety of reasons within the kernel such as using policy routing to select
 
'''-m''' mark
use mark to tag the packets going out. This is useful for variety of reasons within the kernel such as using policy routing to select
specific outbound processing.
specific outbound processing.
 
|-
'''-M''' pmtudisc_opt
| '''-M''' pmtudisc_opt || Select Path MTU Discovery strategy. pmtudisc_option may be either do (prohibit fragmentation, even local one), want (do PMTU discovery,
Select Path MTU Discovery strategy. pmtudisc_option may be either do (prohibit fragmentation, even local one), want (do PMTU discovery,
fragment locally when packet size is large), or dont (do not set DF flag).
fragment locally when packet size is large), or dont (do not set DF flag).
|-
| '''-N''' nodeinfo_option || IPv6 only. Send ICMPv6 Node Information Queries (RFC4620), instead of Echo Request. CAP_NET_RAW capability is required.
|}


'''-N''' nodeinfo_option
=== Parameter ===
IPv6 only. Send ICMPv6 Node Information Queries (RFC4620), instead of Echo Request. CAP_NET_RAW capability is required.
=== Umgebung ===
=== Paketaufbau ===
[[File:Ping.png|600px]]
=== Rückgabewert ===


= Konfiguration =
== Anwendung ==
== Dateien ==
{| class="wikitable options"
 
= Anwendungen =
{|class="wikitable"
!Option !! Beispiele
|-
|-
| <nowiki>-c ANZAHL</nowiki> || <tt>$ ping -c 10 itw-berlin.net</tt>
! Option !! Beispiel !! Beschreibung
|-
|-
| <nowiki>-w ENDE</nowiki> || <tt>$ ping -w 15 itw-berlin.net </tt>
| -c ANZAHL || $ ping -c 10 foxtom.de ||
|-
|-
| <nowiki>-W AUSZEIT</nowiki> ||<tt>$ ping -W 015 itw-berlin.net </tt> 
| -w ENDE || $ ping -w 15 foxtom.de ||
|-
|-
| <nowiki>-i INTERVALL</nowiki> || <tt>$ ping -i 15 itw-berlin.net </tt>
| -W AUSZEIT || $ ping -W 015 foxtom.de ||
|-
|-
| <nowiki>-I SCHNITTSTELLE</nowiki> || <tt>$ ping -I enp2s0 ($ ip a)itw-berlin.net </tt>
| -i INTERVALL || $ ping -i 15 foxtom.de ||
|-
|-
| -I SCHNITTSTELLE || $ ping -I enp2s0 ($ ip a)foxtom.de ||
|}
|}


== Ping und [[Netzwerke:MTU|MTU]] ==
=== Ping und MTU ===
* Die im Befehl ping angegebene Größe entspricht der Anzahl der zu sendenden Datenbytes.  
* Die im Befehl ping angegebene Größe entspricht der Anzahl der zu sendenden Datenbytes.
* Diese muss also 28 Byte kleiner sein als die tatsächliche Paketgröße, um die Größe des Paket-Headers zu berücksichtigen.
* Diese muss also 28 Byte kleiner sein als die tatsächliche Paketgröße, um die Größe des Paket-Headers zu berücksichtigen.
* Dieser lässt sich recht einfach über Bordmittel des Betriebssystems bestimmen.  
* Dieser lässt sich recht einfach über Bordmittel des Betriebssystems bestimmen.
* siehe [[MTU]]


==Beispiel==
'''Beispiel'''
  $ ping -s 1500 -c 10 -M do <Hostname>
  $ ping -s 1500 -c 10 -M do <Hostname>
= Dokumentation =
== Man-Pages ==
== Info-Pages ==
= Links =
== Intern ==
== Weblinks ==
* https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/ping/
* https://www.tecchannel.de/a/tcp-ip-tuning-fuer-linux,429773,2


= Testfragen =
=== Problembehebung ===
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
; Ping 127.
''Testfrage 1''
* https://rixx.de/blog/fun-legacy-ip-addresses/
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">'''Antwort1'''</div>
* https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=160819
</div>
* https://www.reddit.com/r/sysadmin/comments/11weum/can_someone_explain_how_this_works_ping_1271/?rdt=50191
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* https://www.quora.com/Is-127-1-a-valid-IP-address
''Testfrage 2''
 
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">'''Antwort2'''</div>
<noinclude>
</div>
 
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
== Anhang ==
''Testfrage 3''
=== Siehe auch ===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">'''Antwort3'''</div>
{{Special:PrefixIndex/{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}
</div>
==== Sicherheit ====
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
==== Dokumentation ====
''Testfrage 4''
===== Man-Page =====
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">'''Antwort4'''</div>
===== Info-Pages =====
</div>
==== Links ====
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
===== Weblinks =====
''Testfrage 5''
# https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/ping/
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">'''Antwort5'''</div>
 
</div>
[[Kategorie:Linux/Befehl]]
[[Kategorie:Linux/Netzwerk]]
[[Kategorie:Netzwerk/Befehl]]
[[Kategorie:ICMP]]
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:ping}}


[[Category:Linux:Netzwerke]]
{{DISPLAYTITLE:ping}}
</noinclude>

Aktuelle Version vom 12. November 2024, 18:40 Uhr

ping - Prüft die Erreichbarkeit eines Netzwerkknotens durch Senden eines ICMP ECHO_REQUEST

Beschreibung

packed internet grouper

  • Prüft die Erreichbarkeit eines Netzwerkknotens durch Senden eines ICMP ECHO_REQUEST

ping prüft die Verbindung zu einem Zielsystem, indem es einen Echo Request sendet und einen Echo Reply erwartet 

$ ping google.de
PING google.de(ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003)) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=1 ttl=119 time=25.7 ms
64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=2 ttl=119 time=22.9 ms
64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=3 ttl=119 time=22.6 ms
64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=4 ttl=119 time=22.9 ms
64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=5 ttl=119 time=23.1 ms
^C
--- google.de ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4006ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 22.572/23.416/25.650/1.130 ms

Installation

  • ping ist Teil des Pakets iputils-ping
  • sollte in jeder Installation enthalten sein

Aufruf

ping [-aAbBdDfhLnOqrRUvV46] [-c count] [-F flowlabel] [-i interval] [-I interface] [-l preload]
[-m mark] [-M pmtudisc_option] [-N nodeinfo_option] [-w deadline] [-W timeout] [-p pattern]
[-Q tos] [-s packetsize] [-S sndbuf] [-t ttl] [-T timestamp option] [hop...] {destination}

Anstelle der IP-Adresse kann auch ein Host-Name angegeben werden. Es wird dann versucht, diesen in eine DNS-Adresse aufzulösen. 

$ ping OPTIONEN 10.10.0.1

Man muss ping entweder händisch stoppen (mit Strg + C ) oder mit der entsprechenden Option die Anzahl der gesendeten Pakete begrenzen.

Es gibt zwei Varianten des ping-Befehl
  • ping - für IPv4-Adressen
  • ping6 - für IPv6-Adressen
$ ping foxtom.de
PING foxtom.de (116.202.118.50) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from mx10.foxtom.de (116.202.118.50): icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 time=28.5 ms
64 bytes from mx10.foxtom.de (116.202.118.50): icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 time=22.7 ms
64 bytes from mx10.foxtom.de (116.202.118.50): icmp_seq=3 ttl=54 time=22.8 ms
^C
--- foxtom.de ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 22.685/24.664/28.471/2.692 ms

Optionen

Option Beschreibung
-4 Use IPv4 only.
-6 Use IPv6 only.
-a Audible ping.
-A Adaptive ping. Interpacket interval adapts to round-trip time, so that effectively not more than one (or more, if preload is set) unanswered

probe is present in the network. Minimal interval is 200msec unless super-user. On networks with low RTT this mode is essentially equivalent to flood mode.

-b Allow pinging a broadcast address.
-B Do not allow ping to change source address of probes. The address is bound to one selected when ping starts.
-c count Stop after sending count ECHO_REQUEST packets. With deadline option, ping waits for count ECHO_REPLY packets, until the timeout expires.
-d Set the SO_DEBUG option on the socket being used. Essentially, this socket option is not used by Linux kernel.
-D Print timestamp (unix time + microseconds as in gettimeofday) before each line.
-f Flood ping. For every ECHO_REQUEST sent a period “.” is printed, while for every ECHO_REPLY received a backspace is printed. This provides a

rapid display of how many packets are being dropped. If interval is not given, it sets interval to zero and outputs packets as fast as they come back or one hundred times per second, whichever is more. Only the super-user may use this option with zero interval.

-F flow label IPv6 only. Allocate and set 20 bit flow label (in hex) on echo request packets. If value is zero, kernel allocates random flow label.
-h Show help.
-i interval Wait interval seconds between sending each packet. Real number allowed with dot as a decimal separator (regardless locale setup). The default

is to wait for one second between each packet normally, or not to wait in flood mode. Only super-user may set interval to values less than 0.2 seconds.

-I interface interface is either an address, an interface name or a VRF name. If interface is an address, it sets source address to specified interface

address. If interface is an interface name, it sets source interface to specified interface. If interface is a VRF name, each packet is routed using the corresponding routing table; in this case, the -I option can be repeated to specify a source address. NOTE: For IPv6, when doing ping to a link-local scope address, link specification (by the '%'-notation in destination, or by this option) can be used but it is no longer required.

-l preload If preload is specified, ping sends that many packets not waiting for reply. Only the super-user may select preload more than 3.
-L Suppress loopback of multicast packets. This flag only applies if the ping destination is a multicast address.
-m mark use mark to tag the packets going out. This is useful for variety of reasons within the kernel such as using policy routing to select

specific outbound processing.

-M pmtudisc_opt Select Path MTU Discovery strategy. pmtudisc_option may be either do (prohibit fragmentation, even local one), want (do PMTU discovery,

fragment locally when packet size is large), or dont (do not set DF flag).

-N nodeinfo_option IPv6 only. Send ICMPv6 Node Information Queries (RFC4620), instead of Echo Request. CAP_NET_RAW capability is required.

Parameter

Umgebung

Paketaufbau

Rückgabewert

Anwendung

Option Beispiel Beschreibung
-c ANZAHL $ ping -c 10 foxtom.de
-w ENDE $ ping -w 15 foxtom.de
-W AUSZEIT $ ping -W 015 foxtom.de
-i INTERVALL $ ping -i 15 foxtom.de
-I SCHNITTSTELLE $ ping -I enp2s0 ($ ip a)foxtom.de

Ping und MTU

  • Die im Befehl ping angegebene Größe entspricht der Anzahl der zu sendenden Datenbytes.
  • Diese muss also 28 Byte kleiner sein als die tatsächliche Paketgröße, um die Größe des Paket-Headers zu berücksichtigen.
  • Dieser lässt sich recht einfach über Bordmittel des Betriebssystems bestimmen.
  • siehe MTU

Beispiel 

$ ping -s 1500 -c 10 -M do <Hostname>

Problembehebung

Ping 127.


Anhang

Siehe auch

Sicherheit

Dokumentation

Man-Page
Info-Pages

Links

Weblinks
  1. https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/ping/



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