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| Das Kommando '''ip''' aus der ''iproute2'' Toolsammlung dient unter Linux zur Konfiguration von Netzwerkadressen. Es ersetzt das ''ifconfig'' Kommando aus den obsoleten ''net-tools''. Dieser Artikel zeigt die wichtigsten Parameter des ip Kommandos anhand einiger Beispiele.
| | '''ip/Befehl''' - Konfiguration von [[Netzwerkschnittstelle]]n |
|
| |
|
| == Vergleichstabelle ip versus ifconfig == | | == Beschreibung == |
| Die Tabelle zeigt wichtige Befehle zur Netzwerkkonfiguration und vergleicht die Syntax der Kommandos ip und ifconfig:
| | * Konfiguration von [[Netzwerkschnittstelle]]n unter Linux |
| {| class="wikitable"
| | * ersetzt [[ifconfig]] aus den obsoleten [[net-tools]] |
| |- style="background-color: #EFEFEF; font-weight: bold;"==Befehle und Dateien zum Routing==
| | |
| ! Zweck
| | == Installation == |
| ! iproute2 Kommando
| | [[ip/Befehl|ip]] ist Teil des Pakets [[iproute2]] |
| ! iproute2 Kommando Kurzversion
| | |
| ! net-tools Kommando
| | == Aufruf == |
| | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash" highlight="1" line> |
| | ip OBJECT COMMAND |
| | ip [options] OBJECT COMMAND |
| | ip OBJECT help |
| | ip OPTIONEN SCHNITTSTELLE |
| | </syntaxhighlight> |
| | |
| | Da manche der Optionen dem System-Administrator vorbehalten sind, muss man je nach Anwendungsfall den Befehl sudo voranstellen |
| | |
| | ; [[CIDR]]-Notation |
| | Die [[CIDR]]-Notation ermöglicht im Gegensatz zur Dezimalpunktschreibweise von IPv4 kürzere Ausdrücke. |
| | * Beispiel: 192.168.0.0/24 entspricht dem bisherigen 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0. |
| | * Während man früher wahlweise beide Schreibweisen verwenden konnte, ist nur noch CIDR erlaubt. |
| | |
| | |
| | {{:Ip/Befehl/Objekte}} |
| | |
| | === Soforthilfe === |
| | [[Objekt]] und Schlüsselwort ''help'' |
| | ip link help |
| | |
| | === Optionen === |
| | {| class="wikitable sortable options gnu big" |
| |- | | |- |
| | Linkstatus anzeigen
| | ! Unix !! GNU !! Parameter !! Beschreibung |
| | ip link show|<code>ip link show</code>
| |
| | <code>ip l</code>
| |
| | <code>ifconfig</code>
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | Linkstatus inkl. Statistik <br>(RX/TX bytes, errors, ...) anzeigen | | | || || || |
| | ip link show|<code>ip -statistics link show</code> | |
| | <code>ip -s l</code> | |
| | <code>ifconfig</code> | |
| |- | | |- |
| | IP Adresse anzeigen | | |} |
| | ip addr show|<code>ip addr show</code>
| | |
| | <code>ip a</code>
| | === Parameter === |
| | <code>ifconfig -a</code> | | |
| | == Umgebung == |
| | === Variablen === |
| | |
| | === Exit-Status === |
| | {| class="wikitable options col1center big" |
| |- | | |- |
| | IP Adresse setzen
| | ! Wert !! Beschreibung |
| | ip addr add IP/NETMASK dev DEVICE|<code>ip addr add IP/NETMASK dev DEVICE</code>
| |
| | <code>ip a a IP/NETMASK dev DEVICE</code>
| |
| | <code>ifconfig DEVICE IP/NETMASK</code>
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | IP Adresse entfernen | | | 0 || Erfolg |
| | ip addr add IP/NETMASK dev DEVICE|<code>ip addr del IP/NETMASK dev DEVICE</code> | |
| | <code>ip a d IP/NETMASK dev DEVICE</code>
| |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
| | Alle IP Adressen entfernen | | | >0 || Fehler |
| | ip addr flush dev DEVICE|<code>ip addr flush dev DEVICE</code> | | |} |
| | <code>ip a f dev DEVICE</code> | | |
| | | | == Konfiguration == |
| | === Dateien === |
| | {| class="wikitable options big" |
| |- | | |- |
| | Routingtabelle anzeigen
| | ! Datei !! Beschreibung |
| | ip route show|<code>ip route show</code>
| |
| | <code>ip r</code>
| |
| | <code>route -n</code>
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | Standardgateway setzen | | | || |
| | ip route add default via IP|<code>ip route add default via IP</code> | |
| | <code>ip r a default via IP</code>
| |
| | <code>route add default gw IP DEVICE</code>
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | ARP-Cache anzeigen | | | || |
| | ip neigh show|<code>ip neigh show</code> | |
| | <code>ip n</code>
| |
| | <code>arp -na</code>
| |
| |-
| |
| | Verbindungen anzeigen
| |
| | <code>ss --tcp --all --processes --extended --numeric</code>
| |
| | <code>ss -tapen</code>
| |
| | <code>netstat -tapen</code>
| |
| |} | | |} |
|
| |
|
| == Beispiele ==
| | <noinclude> |
| | |
| Die folgenden Ausgaben zeigen einige Beispiele von iproute2 Kommandos.
| |
| | |
| === ip help ===
| |
| <pre> | |
| $ ip help
| |
| Usage: ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }
| |
| ip [ -force ] -batch filename
| |
| where OBJECT := { link | addr | addrlabel | route | rule | neigh | ntable |
| |
| tunnel | tuntap | maddr | mroute | mrule | monitor | xfrm |
| |
| netns }
| |
| OPTIONS := { -V[ersion] | -s[tatistics] | -d[etails] | -r[esolve] |
| |
| -f[amily] { inet | inet6 | ipx | dnet | link } |
| |
| -l[oops] { maximum-addr-flush-attempts } |
| |
| -o[neline] | -t[imestamp] | -b[atch] [filename] |
| |
| -rc[vbuf] [size]}
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| === ip link show ===
| |
| <pre>
| |
| $ ip link show
| |
| 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
| |
| link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
| |
| 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
| |
| link/ether 08:00:27:66:72:e1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| === ip -statistics link show ===
| |
| <pre>
| |
| $ ip link show
| |
| 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
| |
| link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
| |
| RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
| |
| 2073916 4895 0 0 0 0
| |
| TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
| |
| 2073916 4895 0 0 0 0
| |
| 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
| |
| link/ether 08:00:27:66:72:e1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
| |
| RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
| |
| 1716782262 1369751 0 0 0 0
| |
| TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
| |
| 308636400 1172428 0 0 0 0
| |
| </pre>
| |
|
| |
|
| === ip addr show === | | == Anhang == |
| <pre> | | === Siehe auch === |
| $ ip addr show
| | <div style="column-count:2"> |
| 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
| | <categorytree hideroot=on mode="pages">{{BASEPAGENAME}}</categorytree> |
| link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
| | </div> |
| inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
| | ---- |
| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
| | {{Special:PrefixIndex/{{BASEPAGENAME}}/}} |
| inet6 ::1/128 scope host
| | ---- |
| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
| | * [[ping]] |
| 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
| | * [[Iproute2/net-tools]] |
| link/ether 08:00:27:66:72:e1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
| |
| inet 10.1.102.59/24 brd 10.1.102.255 scope global eth0
| |
| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
| |
| inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe66:72e1/64 scope link
| |
| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
| |
| </pre>
| |
|
| |
|
| === ip addr add IP/NETMASK dev DEVICE === | | <!-- |
| <pre>
| | === Dokumentation === |
| $ sudo ip addr add 10.1.102.60/24 dev eth0
| | ; Man-Page |
| $ ip a
| | # [https://manpages.debian.org/stable/procps/pgrep.1.de.html prep(1)] |
| 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
| |
| link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
| |
| inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
| |
| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
| |
| inet6 ::1/128 scope host
| |
| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
| |
| 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
| |
| link/ether 08:00:27:66:72:e1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
| |
| inet 10.1.102.59/24 brd 10.1.102.255 scope global eth0
| |
| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
| |
| inet 10.1.102.60/24 scope global secondary eth0
| |
| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
| |
| inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe66:72e1/64 scope link
| |
| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
| |
| </pre>
| |
|
| |
|
| === ip addr del IP/NETMASK dev DEVICE ===
| | ; Info-Pages |
| <pre>
| | --> |
| $ sudo ip addr del 10.1.102.60/24 dev eth0
| |
| $ ip a
| |
| 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
| |
| link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
| |
| inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
| |
| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
| |
| inet6 ::1/128 scope host
| |
| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
| |
| 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
| |
| link/ether 08:00:27:15:17:5e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
| |
| inet 10.1.102.54/24 brd 10.1.102.255 scope global eth0
| |
| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
| |
| inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe15:175e/64 scope link
| |
| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
| |
| </pre>
| |
|
| |
|
| === ip addr flush dev DEVICE === | | === Links === |
| <pre>
| | ==== Projekt ==== |
| $ sudo ip addr flush dev eth0
| | ==== Weblinks ==== |
| $ ip a
| | # https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iproute2 |
| 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
| |
| link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
| |
| inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
| |
| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
| |
| inet6 ::1/128 scope host
| |
| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
| |
| 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
| |
| link/ether 08:00:27:15:17:5e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
| |
| </pre>
| |
|
| |
|
| === ip route show ===
| | {{DEFAULTSORT:ip/Befehl}} |
| <pre>
| | {{DISPLAYTITLE:ip/Befehl}} |
| $ ip route show
| |
| default via 10.1.102.1 dev eth0 metric 100
| |
| 10.1.102.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 10.1.102.59
| |
| </pre>
| |
|
| |
|
| === ip route add default via IP ===
| | [[Kategorie:Linux/Netzwerk/Befehl]] |
| <pre>
| | [[Kategorie:Linux/Befehl]] |
| $ sudo ip route add d via 10.1.102.1
| | [[Kategorie:Iproute2/ip]] |
| </pre>
| | [[Kategorie:iproute2]] |
|
| |
|
| === ip neigh show ===
| | </noinclude> |
| <pre>
| |
| $ ip neigh show
| |
| 10.1.102.101 dev eth0 lladdr f0:de:f1:f3:17:88 REACHABLE
| |
| 10.1.102.1 dev eth0 lladdr 00:0c:42:97:79:63 REACHABLE
| |
| </pre> | |