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{{DISPLAYTITLE:ping}}
'''ping''' - Prüft die Erreichbarkeit eines Netzwerkknotens durch Senden eines ICMP ECHO_REQUEST


'''ping''' ('''p'''acked '''in'''ternet '''g'''rouper) prüft die Erreichbarkeit eines Netzwerkknotens durch Senden eines ICMP ECHO_REQUEST
== Beschreibung ==
'''p'''acked '''in'''ternet '''g'''rouper
* Prüft die Erreichbarkeit eines Netzwerkknotens durch Senden eines ICMP ECHO_REQUEST


= Beschreibung =
'''[[ping]]''' prüft die Verbindung zu einem Zielsystem, indem es einen '''Echo Request''' sendet und einen '''Echo Reply''' erwartet


= Installation =
$ '''ping google.de'''
''ping'' ist Teil des Pakets ''iputils-ping'', das in jeder Installation enthalten sein sollte.
PING google.de(ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003)) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=1 ttl=119 time=25.7 ms
64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=2 ttl=119 time=22.9 ms
64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=3 ttl=119 time=22.6 ms
64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=4 ttl=119 time=22.9 ms
64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=5 ttl=119 time=23.1 ms
^C
--- google.de ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4006ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 22.572/23.416/25.650/1.130 ms


# '''apt install iputils-ping'''
== Installation ==
Paketlisten werden gelesen… Fertig
* ''ping'' ist Teil des Pakets [[iputils-ping]]
Abhängigkeitsbaum wird aufgebaut… Fertig
* sollte in jeder Installation enthalten sein
Statusinformationen werden eingelesen… Fertig
iputils-ping ist schon die neueste Version (3:20211215-1).
  0 aktualisiert, 0 neu installiert, 0 zu entfernen und 0 nicht aktualisiert.


= Syntax =
== Syntax ==
  ping [-aAbBdDfhLnOqrRUvV46] [-c count] [-F flowlabel] [-i interval] [-I interface] [-l preload]  
  ping [-aAbBdDfhLnOqrRUvV46] [-c count] [-F flowlabel] [-i interval] [-I interface] [-l preload]
  [-m mark] [-M pmtudisc_option] [-N nodeinfo_option] [-w deadline] [-W timeout] [-p pattern]
  [-m mark] [-M pmtudisc_option] [-N nodeinfo_option] [-w deadline] [-W timeout] [-p pattern]
  [-Q tos] [-s packetsize] [-S sndbuf] [-t ttl] [-T timestamp option] [hop...] {destination}
  [-Q tos] [-s packetsize] [-S sndbuf] [-t ttl] [-T timestamp option] [hop...] {destination}
Zeile 25: Zeile 33:
Man muss ping entweder händisch stoppen '''(mit Strg + C )''' oder mit der entsprechenden Option die Anzahl der gesendeten Pakete begrenzen.
Man muss ping entweder händisch stoppen '''(mit Strg + C )''' oder mit der entsprechenden Option die Anzahl der gesendeten Pakete begrenzen.


Es gibt zwei Varianten des ping-Befehl
; Es gibt zwei Varianten des ping-Befehl
* ping - für IPv4-Adressen
* ping - für IPv4-Adressen
* ping6 - für IPv6-Adressen
* ping6 - für IPv6-Adressen
Zeile 39: Zeile 47:
  rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 22.685/24.664/28.471/2.692 ms
  rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 22.685/24.664/28.471/2.692 ms


== Parameter ==
=== Optionen ===
 
{| class="wikitable sortable options"
== Optionen ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
! Option !! Beschreibung
! Option !! Beschreibung
Zeile 58: Zeile 64:
| '''-b''' || Allow pinging a broadcast address.
| '''-b''' || Allow pinging a broadcast address.
|-
|-
| '''-B''' || Do not allow ping to change source address of probes. The address is bound to one selected when ping starts.
| '''-B''' || Do not allow ping to change source address of probes. The address is bound to one selected when ping starts.
|-
|-
| '''-c''' count || Stop after sending count ECHO_REQUEST packets. With deadline option, ping waits for count ECHO_REPLY packets, until the timeout expires.
| '''-c''' count || Stop after sending count ECHO_REQUEST packets. With deadline option, ping waits for count ECHO_REPLY packets, until the timeout expires.
|-
|-
| '''-d''' || Set the SO_DEBUG option on the socket being used. Essentially, this socket option is not used by Linux kernel.
| '''-d''' || Set the SO_DEBUG option on the socket being used. Essentially, this socket option is not used by Linux kernel.
|-
|-
|'''-D''' || Print timestamp (unix time + microseconds as in gettimeofday) before each line.
|'''-D''' || Print timestamp (unix time + microseconds as in gettimeofday) before each line.
|-
|-
|'''-f''' || Flood ping. For every ECHO_REQUEST sent a period “.” is printed, while for every ECHO_REPLY received a backspace is printed. This provides a
|'''-f''' || Flood ping. For every ECHO_REQUEST sent a period “.” is printed, while for every ECHO_REPLY received a backspace is printed. This provides a
rapid display of how many packets are being dropped. If interval is not given, it sets interval to zero and outputs packets as fast as they
rapid display of how many packets are being dropped. If interval is not given, it sets interval to zero and outputs packets as fast as they
come back or one hundred times per second, whichever is more. Only the super-user may use this option with zero interval.
come back or one hundred times per second, whichever is more. Only the super-user may use this option with zero interval.
Zeile 74: Zeile 80:
| '''-h''' || Show help.
| '''-h''' || Show help.
|-
|-
|'''-i''' interval || Wait interval seconds between sending each packet. Real number allowed with dot as a decimal separator (regardless locale setup). The default
|'''-i''' interval || Wait interval seconds between sending each packet. Real number allowed with dot as a decimal separator (regardless locale setup). The default
is to wait for one second between each packet normally, or not to wait in flood mode. Only super-user may set interval to values less than
is to wait for one second between each packet normally, or not to wait in flood mode. Only super-user may set interval to values less than
0.2 seconds.
0.2 seconds.
|-
|-
|'''-I''' interface || interface is either an address, an interface name or a VRF name. If interface is an address, it sets source address to specified interface
|'''-I''' interface || interface is either an address, an interface name or a VRF name. If interface is an address, it sets source address to specified interface
address. If interface is an interface name, it sets source interface to specified interface. If interface is a VRF name, each packet is
address. If interface is an interface name, it sets source interface to specified interface. If interface is a VRF name, each packet is
routed using the corresponding routing table; in this case, the -I option can be repeated to specify a source address. NOTE: For IPv6, when
routed using the corresponding routing table; in this case, the -I option can be repeated to specify a source address. NOTE: For IPv6, when
Zeile 84: Zeile 90:
longer required.
longer required.
|-
|-
| '''-l''' preload || If preload is specified, ping sends that many packets not waiting for reply. Only the super-user may select preload more than 3.
| '''-l''' preload || If preload is specified, ping sends that many packets not waiting for reply. Only the super-user may select preload more than 3.
|-
|-
| '''-L''' || Suppress loopback of multicast packets. This flag only applies if the ping destination is a multicast address.
| '''-L''' || Suppress loopback of multicast packets. This flag only applies if the ping destination is a multicast address.
Zeile 91: Zeile 97:
specific outbound processing.
specific outbound processing.
|-
|-
| '''-M''' pmtudisc_opt || Select Path MTU Discovery strategy. pmtudisc_option may be either do (prohibit fragmentation, even local one), want (do PMTU discovery,
| '''-M''' pmtudisc_opt || Select Path MTU Discovery strategy. pmtudisc_option may be either do (prohibit fragmentation, even local one), want (do PMTU discovery,
fragment locally when packet size is large), or dont (do not set DF flag).
fragment locally when packet size is large), or dont (do not set DF flag).
|-
|-
| '''-N''' nodeinfo_option || IPv6 only. Send ICMPv6 Node Information Queries (RFC4620), instead of Echo Request. CAP_NET_RAW capability is required.
| '''-N''' nodeinfo_option || IPv6 only. Send ICMPv6 Node Information Queries (RFC4620), instead of Echo Request. CAP_NET_RAW capability is required.
|}
|}


= Konfiguration =
=== Parameter ===
== Dateien ==
=== Umgebungsvariablen ===
=== Paketaufbau ===
[[File:Ping.png|600px]]
=== Exit-Status ===


= Anwendungen =
== Anwendung ==
== -c ANZAHL ==
{| class="wikitable options"
$ ping -c 10 foxtom.de
|-
 
! Option !! Beispiel !! Beschreibung
== -w ENDE ==
|-
$ ping -w 15 foxtom.de
| -c ANZAHL || $ ping -c 10 foxtom.de ||
 
|-
== -W AUSZEIT ==
| -w ENDE || $ ping -w 15 foxtom.de ||
$ ping -W 015 foxtom.de  
|-
 
| -W AUSZEIT || $ ping -W 015 foxtom.de ||
== -i INTERVALL ==
|-
$ ping -i 15 foxtom.de
| -i INTERVALL || $ ping -i 15 foxtom.de ||
 
|-
== -I SCHNITTSTELLE ==
| -I SCHNITTSTELLE || $ ping -I enp2s0 ($ ip a)foxtom.de ||
$ ping -I enp2s0 ($ ip a)foxtom.de
|}


== Ping und MTU ==
=== Ping und MTU ===
* Die im Befehl ping angegebene Größe entspricht der Anzahl der zu sendenden Datenbytes.  
* Die im Befehl ping angegebene Größe entspricht der Anzahl der zu sendenden Datenbytes.
* Diese muss also 28 Byte kleiner sein als die tatsächliche Paketgröße, um die Größe des Paket-Headers zu berücksichtigen.
* Diese muss also 28 Byte kleiner sein als die tatsächliche Paketgröße, um die Größe des Paket-Headers zu berücksichtigen.
* Dieser lässt sich recht einfach über Bordmittel des Betriebssystems bestimmen.
* Dieser lässt sich recht einfach über Bordmittel des Betriebssystems bestimmen.
siehe [[MTU|MTU]]
* siehe [[MTU]]


'''Beispiel'''
'''Beispiel'''
  $ ping -s 1500 -c 10 -M do <Hostname>
  $ ping -s 1500 -c 10 -M do <Hostname>


= Dokumentation =
=== Fehlerbehebung ===
== Man-Pages ==
; Ping 127.
== Info-Pages ==
* https://rixx.de/blog/fun-legacy-ip-addresses/
= Links =
* https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=160819
== Intern ==
* https://www.reddit.com/r/sysadmin/comments/11weum/can_someone_explain_how_this_works_ping_1271/?rdt=50191
* https://www.quora.com/Is-127-1-a-valid-IP-address
 
<noinclude>


== Weblinks ==
== Anhang ==
* https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/ping/
=== Siehe auch ===
* https://www.tecchannel.de/a/tcp-ip-tuning-fuer-linux,429773,2
{{Special:PrefixIndex/{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}
==== Sicherheit ====
==== Dokumentation ====
===== Man-Pages =====
===== Info-Pages =====
==== Links ====
===== Weblinks =====
# https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/ping/


= Testfragen =
[[Kategorie:Linux/Befehl]]
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
[[Kategorie:Linux/Netzwerk]]
''Testfrage 1''
[[Kategorie:Netzwerk/Befehl]]
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">'''Antwort1'''</div>
[[Kategorie:ICMP]]
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
''Testfrage 2''
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">'''Antwort2'''</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
''Testfrage 3''
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">'''Antwort3'''</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
''Testfrage 4''
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">'''Antwort4'''</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
''Testfrage 5''
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">'''Antwort5'''</div>
</div>


[[KategorieLinux:Befehl]]
[[KategorieLinux:Befehl]]
[[KategorieLinux:Netzwerk]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:ping}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:ping}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:ping}}
</noinclude>

Aktuelle Version vom 27. Februar 2024, 21:38 Uhr

ping - Prüft die Erreichbarkeit eines Netzwerkknotens durch Senden eines ICMP ECHO_REQUEST

Beschreibung[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

packed internet grouper

  • Prüft die Erreichbarkeit eines Netzwerkknotens durch Senden eines ICMP ECHO_REQUEST

ping prüft die Verbindung zu einem Zielsystem, indem es einen Echo Request sendet und einen Echo Reply erwartet 

$ ping google.de
PING google.de(ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003)) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=1 ttl=119 time=25.7 ms
64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=2 ttl=119 time=22.9 ms
64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=3 ttl=119 time=22.6 ms
64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=4 ttl=119 time=22.9 ms
64 bytes from ham02s17-in-x03.1e100.net (2a00:1450:4005:80b::2003): icmp_seq=5 ttl=119 time=23.1 ms
^C
--- google.de ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4006ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 22.572/23.416/25.650/1.130 ms

Installation[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

  • ping ist Teil des Pakets iputils-ping
  • sollte in jeder Installation enthalten sein

Syntax[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

ping [-aAbBdDfhLnOqrRUvV46] [-c count] [-F flowlabel] [-i interval] [-I interface] [-l preload]
[-m mark] [-M pmtudisc_option] [-N nodeinfo_option] [-w deadline] [-W timeout] [-p pattern]
[-Q tos] [-s packetsize] [-S sndbuf] [-t ttl] [-T timestamp option] [hop...] {destination}

Anstelle der IP-Adresse kann auch ein Host-Name angegeben werden. Es wird dann versucht, diesen in eine DNS-Adresse aufzulösen. 

$ ping OPTIONEN 10.10.0.1

Man muss ping entweder händisch stoppen (mit Strg + C ) oder mit der entsprechenden Option die Anzahl der gesendeten Pakete begrenzen.

Es gibt zwei Varianten des ping-Befehl
  • ping - für IPv4-Adressen
  • ping6 - für IPv6-Adressen
$ ping foxtom.de
PING foxtom.de (116.202.118.50) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from mx10.foxtom.de (116.202.118.50): icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 time=28.5 ms
64 bytes from mx10.foxtom.de (116.202.118.50): icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 time=22.7 ms
64 bytes from mx10.foxtom.de (116.202.118.50): icmp_seq=3 ttl=54 time=22.8 ms
^C
--- foxtom.de ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 22.685/24.664/28.471/2.692 ms

Optionen[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Option Beschreibung
-4 Use IPv4 only.
-6 Use IPv6 only.
-a Audible ping.
-A Adaptive ping. Interpacket interval adapts to round-trip time, so that effectively not more than one (or more, if preload is set) unanswered

probe is present in the network. Minimal interval is 200msec unless super-user. On networks with low RTT this mode is essentially equivalent to flood mode.

-b Allow pinging a broadcast address.
-B Do not allow ping to change source address of probes. The address is bound to one selected when ping starts.
-c count Stop after sending count ECHO_REQUEST packets. With deadline option, ping waits for count ECHO_REPLY packets, until the timeout expires.
-d Set the SO_DEBUG option on the socket being used. Essentially, this socket option is not used by Linux kernel.
-D Print timestamp (unix time + microseconds as in gettimeofday) before each line.
-f Flood ping. For every ECHO_REQUEST sent a period “.” is printed, while for every ECHO_REPLY received a backspace is printed. This provides a

rapid display of how many packets are being dropped. If interval is not given, it sets interval to zero and outputs packets as fast as they come back or one hundred times per second, whichever is more. Only the super-user may use this option with zero interval.

-F flow label IPv6 only. Allocate and set 20 bit flow label (in hex) on echo request packets. If value is zero, kernel allocates random flow label.
-h Show help.
-i interval Wait interval seconds between sending each packet. Real number allowed with dot as a decimal separator (regardless locale setup). The default

is to wait for one second between each packet normally, or not to wait in flood mode. Only super-user may set interval to values less than 0.2 seconds.

-I interface interface is either an address, an interface name or a VRF name. If interface is an address, it sets source address to specified interface

address. If interface is an interface name, it sets source interface to specified interface. If interface is a VRF name, each packet is routed using the corresponding routing table; in this case, the -I option can be repeated to specify a source address. NOTE: For IPv6, when doing ping to a link-local scope address, link specification (by the '%'-notation in destination, or by this option) can be used but it is no longer required.

-l preload If preload is specified, ping sends that many packets not waiting for reply. Only the super-user may select preload more than 3.
-L Suppress loopback of multicast packets. This flag only applies if the ping destination is a multicast address.
-m mark use mark to tag the packets going out. This is useful for variety of reasons within the kernel such as using policy routing to select

specific outbound processing.

-M pmtudisc_opt Select Path MTU Discovery strategy. pmtudisc_option may be either do (prohibit fragmentation, even local one), want (do PMTU discovery,

fragment locally when packet size is large), or dont (do not set DF flag).

-N nodeinfo_option IPv6 only. Send ICMPv6 Node Information Queries (RFC4620), instead of Echo Request. CAP_NET_RAW capability is required.

Parameter[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Umgebungsvariablen[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Paketaufbau[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Exit-Status[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Anwendung[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Option Beispiel Beschreibung
-c ANZAHL $ ping -c 10 foxtom.de
-w ENDE $ ping -w 15 foxtom.de
-W AUSZEIT $ ping -W 015 foxtom.de
-i INTERVALL $ ping -i 15 foxtom.de
-I SCHNITTSTELLE $ ping -I enp2s0 ($ ip a)foxtom.de

Ping und MTU[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

  • Die im Befehl ping angegebene Größe entspricht der Anzahl der zu sendenden Datenbytes.
  • Diese muss also 28 Byte kleiner sein als die tatsächliche Paketgröße, um die Größe des Paket-Headers zu berücksichtigen.
  • Dieser lässt sich recht einfach über Bordmittel des Betriebssystems bestimmen.
  • siehe MTU

Beispiel 

$ ping -s 1500 -c 10 -M do <Hostname>

Fehlerbehebung[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Ping 127.


Anhang[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Siehe auch[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Sicherheit[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Dokumentation[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Man-Pages[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
Info-Pages[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Links[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Weblinks[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
  1. https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/ping/



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