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| This tutorial shows how to prepare a Debian 10 server (with Apache2, BIND, Dovecot) for the installation of [http://www.ispconfig.org/ ISPConfig 3.1], and how to install ISPConfig. The web hosting control panel ISPConfig 3 allows you to configure the following services through a web browser: Apache or nginx web server, Postfix mail server, Courier or Dovecot IMAP/POP3 server, MySQL, BIND or MyDNS nameserver, PureFTPd, SpamAssassin, ClamAV, and many more. This setup covers Apache (instead of nginx), BIND, and Dovecot.
| | == Debian-Server-Installation == |
| | * mit Apache2, BIND, Dovecot |
| | * ISPConfig installieren |
|
| |
|
| == Preliminary Note ==
| | Mit dem Webhosting-Kontrollpanel ISPConfig können Sie die folgenden Dienste über einen Webbrowser konfigurieren: Apache oder nginx Webserver, Postfix Mailserver, Courier oder Dovecot IMAP/POP3 Server, MySQL, BIND oder MyDNS Nameserver, PureFTPd, SpamAssassin, ClamAV, und viele mehr. |
|
| |
|
| In this tutorial, I will use the hostname server1.e
| | Dieses Setup umfasst Apache (anstelle von nginx), BIND und Dovecot. |
| * xample.com with the IP address 192.168.0.100 and the gateway 192.168.0.1.
| |
| * These settings might differ for you, so you have to replace them where appropriate.
| |
| * Before proceeding further you need to have a minimal installation of Debian 10.
| |
| * This might be a Debian minimal image from your Hosting provider or you use the [https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/debian-10-buster-minimal-server/ Minimal Debian Server] tutorial to set up the base system.
| |
|
| |
|
| * All commands below are run as root user. | | == Vorbemerkung == |
| * Either log in as root user directly or log in as your normal user and then use the command | | In diesem Tutorial werde ich den Hostnamen server1 verwenden. |
| | * example.com mit der IP-Adresse 192.168.0.100 und dem Gateway 192.168.0.1. |
| | * Diese Einstellungen können bei Ihnen abweichen, so dass Sie sie gegebenenfalls ersetzen müssen. |
| | * Bevor Sie fortfahren, benötigen Sie eine Minimalinstallation von Debian 10. |
| | * Dies kann ein Debian-Minimal-Image von Ihrem Hosting-Anbieter sein oder Sie verwenden das [https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/debian-10-buster-minimal-server/ Minimal Debian Server] Tutorial, um das Basissystem einzurichten. |
|
| |
|
| su - | | * Alle folgenden Befehle werden als root-Benutzer ausgeführt. |
| | * Melden Sie sich entweder direkt als root-Benutzer an oder melden Sie sich als normaler Benutzer an und verwenden Sie dann den Befehl |
| | $ su - |
|
| |
|
| to become root user on your server before you proceed. <br>
| | um root-Benutzer auf Ihrem Server zu werden, bevor Sie fortfahren. |
| '''IMPORTANT''': You must use 'su -' and not just 'su', otherwise your PATH variable is set wrong by Debian.
| |
|
| |
|
| == Install the SSH server (Optional) ==
| | '''WICHTIG''': Sie müssen 'su -' und nicht nur 'su' verwenden, sonst ist Ihre PATH-Variable falsch gesetzt. |
|
| |
|
| If you did not install the OpenSSH server during the system installation, you can do it now:
| | == SSH-Server== |
| | Wenn Sie den OpenSSH-Server nicht während der Systeminstallation installiert haben, können Sie dies jetzt nachholen: |
| | # apt install ssh openssh-server |
| | Von nun an können Sie einen SSH-Client wie z. B. [http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/%7Esgtatham/putty/download.html PuTTY] verwenden und sich von Ihrer Workstation aus mit Ihrem Debian 9 Server verbinden und die restlichen Schritte aus diesem Tutorial ausführen. |
|
| |
|
| apt install ssh openssh-server | | == Texteditor == |
| | # apt install vim |
|
| |
|
| From now on you can use an SSH client such as [http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/%7Esgtatham/putty/download.html PuTTY] and connect from your workstation to your Debian 9 server and follow the remaining steps from this tutorial.
| | == Konfigurieren Sie den Hostnamen == |
|
| |
|
| == Install a shell text editor (Optional) ==
| | Der Hostname Ihres Servers sollte eine Subdomain wie "server1.example.com" sein. Verwenden Sie keinen Domainnamen ohne Subdomain-Teil wie "example.com" als Hostname, da dies später zu Problemen bei der Mail-Einrichtung führen kann. Als erstes sollten Sie den Hostnamen in /etc/hosts überprüfen und ihn gegebenenfalls ändern. Die Zeile sollte lauten: "IP-Adresse - Leerzeichen - vollständiger Hostname inkl. Domain - Leerzeichen - Subdomain-Teil". Für unseren Hostnamen server1.example.com sollte die Datei wie folgt aussehen: |
|
| |
|
| We will use nano text editor in this tutorial. Some users prefer the classic vi editor, therefore we will install both editors here. The default vi program has some strange behavior on Debian and Ubuntu; to fix this, we install vim-nox:
| | # vi /etc/hosts |
| | | 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost |
| apt install nano vim-nox | | 192.168.0.100 server1.beispiel.com server1 |
| | | |
| If vi is your favorite editor, then replace nano with vi in the following commands to edit files.
| | # Die folgenden Zeilen sind für IPv6-fähige Hosts erwünscht |
| | | ::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback |
| == Configure the Hostname ==
| |
| | |
| The hostname of your server should be a subdomain like "server1.example.com". Do not use a domain name without subdomain part like "example.com" as hostname as this will cause problems later with your mail setup. First, you should check the hostname in /etc/hosts and change it when necessary. The line should be: "IP Address - space - full hostname incl. domain - space - subdomain part". For our hostname server1.example.com, the file shall look like this:
| |
| | |
| nano /etc/hosts
| |
| 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost | |
| 192.168.0.100 server1.example.com server1 | |
| | |
| # The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts | |
| ::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback | |
| ff02::1 ip6-allnodes | | ff02::1 ip6-allnodes |
| ff02::2 ip6-allrouters | | ff02::2 ip6-allrouters |
|
| |
|
| Then edit the /etc/hostname file:
| | Bearbeiten Sie dann die Datei /etc/hostname: |
| | | # vi /etc/hostname |
| nano /etc/hostname | |
| | |
| It shall contain only the subdomain part, in our case:
| |
|
| |
|
| | Sie soll nur den Teil mit der Subdomain enthalten, in unserem Fall: |
| server1 | | server1 |
|
| |
|
| Finally, reboot the server to apply the change:
| | Starten Sie schließlich den Server neu, um die Änderung zu übernehmen: |
| | | # systemctl reboot |
| systemctl reboot | |
| | |
| Log in again and check if the hostname is correct now with these commands:
| |
| | |
| hostname
| |
| hostname -f
| |
|
| |
|
| The output shall be like this:
| | Melden Sie sich erneut an und überprüfen Sie mit diesen Befehlen, ob der Hostname jetzt korrekt ist: |
| | # hostname |
| | # hostname -f |
|
| |
|
| root@server1:/tmp# hostname | | Die Ausgabe sollte wie folgt aussehen: |
| | # root@server1:/tmp# hostname |
| server1 | | server1 |
| root@server1:/tmp# hostname -f | | # root@server1:/tmp# hostname -f |
| server1.example.com | | server1.example.com |
|
| |
|
| == Update your Debian Installation == | | == Installation aktualisieren == |
| | | Stellen Sie zunächst sicher, dass Ihre /etc/apt/sources.list das Repository buster/updates enthält (dies stellt sicher, dass Sie immer die neuesten Sicherheitsupdates erhalten), und dass die Repositories contrib und non-free aktiviert sind, da einige benötigte Pakete nicht im Hauptrepository enthalten sind. |
| First, make sure that your /etc/apt/sources.list contains the buster/updates repository (this makes sure you always get the newest security updates), and that the contrib and non-free repositories are enabled as some required packages are not in the main repository.
| | # vi /etc/apt/sources.list |
| | |
| # nano /etc/apt/sources.list | |
| deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ buster main contrib non-free | | deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ buster main contrib non-free |
| deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ buster main contrib non-free | | deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ buster main contrib non-free |
| deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates main contrib non-free | | deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates hauptbeitrag unfrei |
| deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates main contrib non-free | | deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates main contrib non-free |
|
| |
|
| Run:
| | Ausführen: |
| | |
| # apt update | | # apt update |
|
| |
|
| To update the apt package database
| | Um die apt-Paketdatenbank zu aktualisieren |
| | |
| # apt upgrade | | # apt upgrade |
| | und um die letzten Aktualisierungen zu installieren (falls es welche gibt). |
|
| |
|
| and to install the latest updates (if there are any).
| | == Ändern der Standard-Shell == |
| | | /bin/sh ist ein Symlink zu /bin/dash, aber wir brauchen /bin/bash, nicht /bin/dash. Deshalb machen wir dies: |
| == Change the Default Shell == | | # dpkg-reconfigure dash |
| | | Dash als Standard-System-Shell (/bin/sh) verwenden? <-- Nein |
| /bin/sh is a symlink to /bin/dash, however we need /bin/bash, not /bin/dash. Therefore, we do this: | |
| | |
| dpkg-reconfigure dash | |
| | |
| Use dash as the default system shell (/bin/sh)? <-- No
| |
| | |
| If you don't do this, the ISPConfig installation will fail.
| |
| | |
| == Synchronize the System Clock ==
| |
| | |
| It is a good idea to synchronize the system clock with an NTP ('''n'''etwork '''t'''ime '''p'''rotocol) server over the Internet. Simply run
| |
| | |
| apt -y install ntp
| |
| | |
| and your system time will always be in sync.
| |
| | |
| == Install Postfix, Dovecot, MariaDB, rkhunter, and Binutils ==
| |
| | |
| We can install Postfix, Dovecot, MariaDB as MySQL alternative, rkhunter, and Binutils with a single command:
| |
| | |
| apt -y install postfix postfix-mysql postfix-doc mariadb-client mariadb-server openssl getmail4 rkhunter binutils dovecot-imapd dovecot-pop3d dovecot-mysql dovecot-sieve dovecot-lmtpd sudo
| |
| | |
| You will be asked the following questions:
| |
| | |
| General type of mail configuration: <-- Internet SiteSystem mail name: <-- server1.example.com
| |
| | |
| To secure the MariaDB installation and to disable the test database, run this command:
| |
| | |
| mysql_secure_installation
| |
| | |
| Answer the questions as follows:
| |
| | |
| Change the root password? [Y/n] <-- y
| |
| New password: <-- Enter a new MariaDB root password
| |
| Re-enter new password: <-- Repeat the MariaDB root password
| |
| Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] <-- y
| |
| Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] <-- y
| |
| Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] <-- y
| |
| Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] <-- y
| |
| | |
| Next, open the TLS/SSL and submission ports in Postfix:
| |
| | |
| nano /etc/postfix/master.cf
| |
| | |
| Uncomment the submission and smtps sections as follows and add lines where necessary so that this section of the master.cf file looks exactly like the one below. '''IMPORTANT:''' Remove the # in front of the lines that start with smtps and submission too and not just from the -o lines after these lines!
| |
| | |
| [...]
| |
| submission inet n - - - - smtpd
| |
| -o syslog_name=postfix/submission
| |
| -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
| |
| -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
| |
| -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
| |
| <nowiki># -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no</nowiki>
| |
| <nowiki># -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions</nowiki>
| |
| <nowiki># -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions</nowiki>
| |
| <nowiki># -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions</nowiki>
| |
| <nowiki># -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=</nowiki>
| |
| <nowiki># -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject</nowiki>
| |
| <nowiki># -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING</nowiki>
| |
| smtps inet n - - - - smtpd
| |
| -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
| |
| -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
| |
| -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
| |
| -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
| |
| <nowiki># -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no</nowiki>
| |
| <nowiki># -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions</nowiki>
| |
| <nowiki># -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions</nowiki>
| |
| <nowiki># -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions</nowiki>
| |
| <nowiki># -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=</nowiki>
| |
| <nowiki># -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject</nowiki>
| |
| <nowiki># -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING</nowiki>
| |
| [...]
| |
| | |
| Restart Postfix afterwards:
| |
| | |
| systemctl restart postfix
| |
| | |
| We want MySQL to listen on all interfaces, not just localhost. Therefore, we edit /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf and comment out the line bind-address = 127.0.0.1 by adding a # in front of it.
| |
| | |
| nano /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf
| |
| [...]
| |
| <nowiki># Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on</nowiki>
| |
| <nowiki># localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.</nowiki>
| |
| '''<nowiki>#</nowiki>'''bind-address <nowiki>= 127.0.0.1</nowiki>
| |
| [...]
| |
| | |
| Set the password authentication method in MariaDB to native so we can use PHPMyAdmin later to connect as root user:
| |
| | |
| echo "update mysql.user set plugin = 'mysql_native_password' where user='root';" | mysql -u root
| |
| | |
| Edit the file /etc/mysql/debian.cnf and set the MYSQL / MariaDB root password there twice in the rows that start with the word password.
| |
| | |
| nano /etc/mysql/debian.cnf
| |
| | |
| The MySQL root password that needs to be added is shown in red. In this example, the password is "howtoforge".
| |
| | |
| <nowiki># Automatically generated for Debian scripts. DO NOT TOUCH!</nowiki>
| |
| [client]
| |
| host = localhost
| |
| user = root
| |
| password = howtoforge
| |
| socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
| |
| [mysql_upgrade]
| |
| host = localhost
| |
| user = root
| |
| password = howtoforge
| |
| socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
| |
| basedir = /usr
| |
| | |
| To prevent the error ''''''Error in accept: Too many open files'''''' we will set higher open file limits for MariaDB now.
| |
| | |
| Open the file /etc/security/limits.conf with an editor:
| |
| nano /etc/security/limits.conf
| |
| and add these lines at the end of the file.
| |
| mysql soft nofile 65535
| |
| mysql hard nofile 65535
| |
| | |
| Next, create a new directory /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service.d/ with the mkdir command.
| |
| | |
| mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service.d/
| |
| | |
| and add a new file inside:
| |
| | |
| nano /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service.d/limits.conf
| |
| | |
| paste the following lines into that file:
| |
| | |
| [Service]
| |
| LimitNOFILE=infinity
| |
| | |
| Save the file and close the nano editor.
| |
| | |
| Then we reload systemd and restart MariaDB:
| |
| | |
| systemctl daemon-reload
| |
| systemctl restart mariadb
| |
| | |
| Now check that networking is enabled. Run
| |
| | |
| netstat -tap | grep mysql
| |
| | |
| The output should look like this:
| |
| | |
| root@server1:/home/administrator# netstat -tap | grep mysql
| |
| tcp6 0 0 [::]:mysql [::]:* LISTEN 16623/mysqld
| |
| | |
| == Install Amavisd-new, SpamAssassin, and ClamAV ==
| |
| | |
| To install amavisd-new, SpamAssassin and ClamAV, we run
| |
| | |
| apt install amavisd-new spamassassin clamav clamav-daemon unzip bzip2 arj nomarch lzop cabextract p7zip p7zip-full unrar lrzip apt-listchanges libnet-ldap-perl libauthen-sasl-perl clamav-docs daemon libio-string-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl libnet-ident-perl zip libnet-dns-perl libdbd-mysql-perl postgrey
| |
| | |
| The ISPConfig 3 setup uses amavisd which loads the SpamAssassin filter library internally, so we can stop SpamAssassin to free up some RAM:
| |
| | |
| systemctl stop spamassassin
| |
| systemctl disable spamassassin
| |
| | |
| == Install Apache Web Server and PHP ==
| |
| | |
| Apache2, PHP, FCGI, suExec, Pear, and mcrypt can be installed as follows:
| |
| | |
| apt -y install apache2 apache2-doc apache2-utils libapache2-mod-php php7.3 php7.3-common php7.3-gd php7.3-mysql php7.3-imap php7.3-cli php7.3-cgi libapache2-mod-fcgid apache2-suexec-pristine php-pear mcrypt imagemagick libruby libapache2-mod-python php7.3-curl php7.3-intl php7.3-pspell php7.3-recode php7.3-sqlite3 php7.3-tidy php7.3-xmlrpc php7.3-xsl memcached php-memcache php-imagick php-gettext php7.3-zip php7.3-mbstring memcached libapache2-mod-passenger php7.3-soap php7.3-fpm php7.3-opcache php-apcu
| |
| | |
| Then run the following command to enable the Apache modules suexec, rewrite, ssl, actions, and include (plus dav, dav_fs, and auth_digest if you want to use WebDAV):
| |
| | |
| # a2enmod suexec rewrite ssl actions include dav_fs dav auth_digest cgi headers actions proxy_fcgi alias
| |
| | |
| To ensure that the server cannot be attacked through the [https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/httpoxy-protect-your-server/ HTTPOXY vulnerability], we will disable the HTTP_PROXY header in apache globally by adding the configuration file /etc/apache2/conf-available/httpoxy.conf.
| |
| | |
| '''''Note:''' The vulnerability is named httpoxy (without 'r') and therefore the file where we add the config to prevent it is named httpoxy.conf and not httproxy.conf, so there is no 'r' missing in the filename.''
| |
| | |
| nano /etc/apache2/conf-available/httpoxy.conf
| |
| | |
| Paste the following content to the file:
| |
| <IfModule mod_headers.c>
| |
| RequestHeader unset Proxy early
| |
| </IfModule>
| |
| | |
| And enable the module by running:
| |
| | |
| a2enconf httpoxy
| |
| systemctl restart apache2
| |
| | |
| == Install Let's Encrypt ==
| |
| | |
| ISPConfig 3.1 has support for the free SSL Certificate authority Let's encrypt. The Let's Encrypt function allows you to create free SSL certificates for your website from within ISPConfig.
| |
| | |
| Now we will add support for Let's encrypt.
| |
| | |
| cd /usr/local/bin
| |
| wget https://dl.eff.org/certbot-auto
| |
| chmod a+x certbot-auto
| |
| ./certbot-auto --install-only
| |
| | |
| There are no further steps required than installing LE. The website SSL certificates are created by ISPConfig when you add the web sites.
| |
| | |
| == Install Mailman ==
| |
| | |
| ISPConfig allows you to manage (create/modify/delete) Mailman mailing lists. If you want to make use of this feature, install Mailman as follows:
| |
| | |
| apt install mailman
| |
| | |
| Select at least one language, e.g.:
| |
| | |
| Languages to support: <-- en (English)
| |
| Missing site list <-- Ok
| |
| | |
| Before we can start Mailman, a first mailing list called mailman must be created:
| |
| | |
| newlist mailman
| |
| root@server1:~# newlist mailman
| |
| Enter the email of the person running the list: <-- admin email address, e.g. listadmin@example.com
| |
| Initial mailman password: <-- admin password for the mailman list
| |
| To finish creating your mailing list, you must edit your /etc/aliases (or
| |
| equivalent) file by adding the following lines, and possibly running the
| |
| `newaliases' program:
| |
| | |
| <nowiki>## mailman mailing list</nowiki>
| |
| mailman: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman post mailman"
| |
| mailman-admin: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman admin mailman"
| |
| mailman-bounces: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman bounces mailman"
| |
| mailman-confirm: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman confirm mailman"
| |
| mailman-join: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman join mailman"
| |
| mailman-leave: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman leave mailman"
| |
| mailman-owner: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman owner mailman"
| |
| mailman-request: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman request mailman"
| |
| mailman-subscribe: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman subscribe mailman"
| |
| mailman-unsubscribe: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman unsubscribe mailman"
| |
| | |
| Hit enter to notify mailman owner... <-- ENTER
| |
| | |
| root@server1:~#
| |
| | |
| Open /etc/aliases afterwards...
| |
| | |
| nano /etc/aliases
| |
| | |
| ... and add the following lines:
| |
| | |
| [...]
| |
| <nowiki>## mailman mailing list</nowiki>
| |
| mailman: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman post mailman"
| |
| mailman-admin: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman admin mailman"
| |
| mailman-bounces: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman bounces mailman"
| |
| mailman-confirm: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman confirm mailman"
| |
| mailman-join: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman join mailman"
| |
| mailman-leave: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman leave mailman"
| |
| mailman-owner: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman owner mailman"
| |
| mailman-request: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman request mailman"
| |
| mailman-subscribe: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman subscribe mailman"
| |
| mailman-unsubscribe: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman unsubscribe mailman"
| |
| | |
| Run:
| |
| | |
| newaliases
| |
| | |
| and restart Postfix:
| |
| | |
| systemctl restart postfix
| |
| | |
| Finally, we must enable the Mailman Apache configuration:
| |
| | |
| ln -s /etc/mailman/apache.conf /etc/apache2/conf-enabled/mailman.conf
| |
| | |
| This defines the alias /cgi-bin/mailman/ for all Apache vhosts, which means you can access the Mailman admin interface for a list at http://server1.example.com/cgi-bin/mailman/admin/, and the web page for users of a mailing list can be found at http://server1.example.com/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/.
| |
| | |
| Under http://server1.example.com/pipermail you can find the mailing list archives.
| |
| | |
| Restart Apache afterwards:
| |
| | |
| systemctl restart apache2
| |
| | |
| Then start the Mailman daemon:
| |
| | |
| systemctl restart mailman
| |
| | |
| == Install PureFTPd and Quota ==
| |
| | |
| PureFTPd and quota can be installed with the following command:
| |
| | |
| apt install pure-ftpd-common pure-ftpd-mysql quota quotatool
| |
| | |
| Create the dhparam file for pure-ftpd:
| |
| | |
| openssl dhparam -out /etc/ssl/private/pure-ftpd-dhparams.pem 2048
| |
| | |
| Edit the file /etc/default/pure-ftpd-common...
| |
| | |
| nano /etc/default/pure-ftpd-common
| |
| | |
| ... and make sure that the start mode is set to standalone and set VIRTUALCHROOT=true:
| |
| | |
| [...]
| |
| STANDALONE_OR_INETD=standalone
| |
| [...]
| |
| VIRTUALCHROOT=true
| |
| [...]
| |
| | |
| Now we configure PureFTPd to allow FTP and TLS sessions. FTP is a very insecure protocol because all passwords and all data are transferred in clear text. By using TLS, the whole communication can be encrypted, thus making FTP much more secure.
| |
| | |
| If you want to allow FTP and TLS sessions, run
| |
| | |
| echo 1 > /etc/pure-ftpd/conf/TLS
| |
| | |
| In order to use TLS, we must create an SSL certificate. I create it in /etc/ssl/private/, therefore I create that directory first:
| |
| | |
| mkdir -p /etc/ssl/private/
| |
| | |
| Afterwards, we can generate the SSL certificate as follows:
| |
| | |
| openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 7300 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /etc/ssl/private/pure-ftpd.pem -out /etc/ssl/private/pure-ftpd.pem
| |
| Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]: <-- Enter your Country Name (e.g., "DE").
| |
| State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]: <-- Enter your State or Province Name.
| |
| Locality Name (eg, city) []: <-- Enter your City.
| |
| Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]: <-- Enter your Organization Name (e.g., the name of your company).
| |
| Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: <-- Enter your Organizational Unit Name (e.g. "IT Department").
| |
| Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []: <-- Enter the Fully Qualified Domain Name of the system (e.g. "server1.example.com").
| |
| Email Address []: <-- Enter your Email Address.
| |
| | |
| Change the permissions of the SSL certificate:
| |
| | |
| chmod 600 /etc/ssl/private/pure-ftpd.pem
| |
| | |
| Then restart PureFTPd:
| |
| | |
| systemctl restart pure-ftpd-mysql
| |
| | |
| Edit /etc/fstab. Mine looks like this (I added ,usrjquota=quota.user,grpjquota=quota.group,jqfmt=vfsv0 to the partition with the mount point /):
| |
| | |
| nano /etc/fstab
| |
| <nowiki># /etc/fstab: static file system information.</nowiki>
| |
| <nowiki>#</nowiki>
| |
| <nowiki># Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a</nowiki>
| |
| <nowiki># device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices</nowiki>
| |
| <nowiki># that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).</nowiki>
| |
| <nowiki>#</nowiki>
| |
| <nowiki># <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass></nowiki>
| |
| <nowiki># / was on /dev/sda1 during installation</nowiki>
| |
| UUID=45576b38-39e8-4994-b8c1-ea4870e2e614 / ext4 errors=remount-ro,usrjquota=quota.user,grpjquota=quota.group,jqfmt=vfsv0 0 1
| |
| <nowiki># swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation</nowiki>
| |
| UUID=8bea0d1e-ec37-4b20-9976-4b7daaa3eb69 none swap sw 0 0
| |
| /dev/sr0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0
| |
| | |
| To enable quota, run these commands:
| |
| | |
| mount -o remount /
| |
| quotacheck -avugm
| |
| quotaon -avug
| |
| | |
| == Install BIND DNS Server ==
| |
| | |
| BIND can be installed as follows:
| |
| | |
| apt install bind9 dnsutils
| |
| | |
| If your server is a virtual machine, then it is highly recommended to install the haveged daemon to get a higher entropy for DNSSEC signing. You can install haveged on nonvirtual servers as well, it should not hurt.
| |
| | |
| apt install haveged
| |
| | |
| An explanation on that topic can be found [https://git.ispconfig.org/ispconfig/ispconfig3/merge_requests/313#note_54975 here].
| |
| | |
| == Install Webalizer and AWStats ==
| |
| | |
| Webalizer and AWStats can be installed as follows:
| |
| | |
| apt install webalizer awstats geoip-database libclass-dbi-mysql-perl libtimedate-perl
| |
| | |
| Open /etc/cron.d/awstats afterwards...
| |
| | |
| nano /etc/cron.d/awstats
| |
| | |
| ... and comment out everything in that file:
| |
| | |
| <nowiki>#MAILTO=root</nowiki>
| |
| <nowiki>#*/10 * * * * www-data [ -x /usr/share/awstats/tools/update.sh ] && /usr/share/awstats/tools/update.sh</nowiki>
| |
| <nowiki># Generate static reports:</nowiki>
| |
| <nowiki>#10 03 * * * www-data [ -x /usr/share/awstats/tools/buildstatic.sh ] && /usr/share/awstats/tools/buildstatic.sh</nowiki>
| |
| | |
| == Install Jailkit ==
| |
| | |
| Jailkit is needed only if you want to chroot SSH users. It can be installed as follows:
| |
| | |
| apt install build-essential autoconf automake libtool flex bison debhelper binutils
| |
| cd /tmp
| |
| wget http://olivier.sessink.nl/jailkit/jailkit-2.20.tar.gz
| |
| tar xvfz jailkit-2.20.tar.gz
| |
| cd jailkit-2.20
| |
| echo 5 > debian/compat
| |
| ./debian/rules binary
| |
| | |
| You can now install the Jailkit .deb package as follows:
| |
| | |
| cd ..
| |
| dpkg -i jailkit_2.20-1_*.deb
| |
| rm -rf jailkit-2.20*
| |
| | |
| == Install fail2ban and UFW Firewall ==
| |
| | |
| This is optional but recommended, because the ISPConfig monitor tries to show the log:
| |
| | |
| apt install fail2ban
| |
| | |
| To make fail2ban monitor PureFTPd and Dovecot, create the file /etc/fail2ban/jail.local:
| |
| | |
| nano /etc/fail2ban/jail.local
| |
| | |
| And add the following configuration to it.
| |
| | |
| [pure-ftpd]
| |
| enabled = true
| |
| port = ftp
| |
| filter = pure-ftpd
| |
| logpath = /var/log/syslog
| |
| maxretry = 3
| |
| [dovecot]
| |
| enabled = true
| |
| filter = dovecot
| |
| logpath = /var/log/mail.log
| |
| maxretry = 5
| |
| [postfix-sasl]
| |
| enabled = true
| |
| port = smtp
| |
| filter = postfix[mode=auth]
| |
| logpath = /var/log/mail.log
| |
| maxretry = 3
| |
| | |
| Restart fail2ban afterwards:
| |
| | |
| systemctl restart fail2ban
| |
| | |
| To install the UFW firewall, run this apt command:
| |
| | |
| apt install ufw
| |
| | |
| == Install PHPMyAdmin Database Administration Tool ==
| |
| | |
| Since Debian 10, PHPMyAdmin is not available as .deb package anymore. Therefore we will install it from source.
| |
| | |
| Create folders for PHPMyadmin:
| |
| | |
| mkdir /usr/share/phpmyadmin
| |
| mkdir /etc/phpmyadmin
| |
| mkdir -p /var/lib/phpmyadmin/tmp
| |
| chown -R www-data:www-data /var/lib/phpmyadmin
| |
| touch /etc/phpmyadmin/htpasswd.setup
| |
| | |
| Go to the /tmp directory and download the PHPMyAdmin sources:
| |
| | |
| cd /tmp
| |
| wget https://files.phpmyadmin.net/phpMyAdmin/4.9.0.1/phpMyAdmin-4.9.0.1-all-languages.tar.gz
| |
| | |
| Unpack the downloaded archive file and move the files to the /usr/share/phpmyadmin folder and clean up the /tmp directory.
| |
| | |
| tar xfz phpMyAdmin-4.9.0.1-all-languages.tar.gz
| |
| mv phpMyAdmin-4.9.0.1-all-languages/* /usr/share/phpmyadmin/
| |
| rm phpMyAdmin-4.9.0.1-all-languages.tar.gz
| |
| rm -rf phpMyAdmin-4.9.0.1-all-languages
| |
| | |
| Create a new config file for PHPMyaAdmin based on the provided sample file:
| |
| | |
| cp /usr/share/phpmyadmin/config.sample.inc.php /usr/share/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php
| |
| | |
| Open the config file with nano editor:
| |
| | |
| nano /usr/share/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php
| |
| | |
| Set a secure password (blowfish secret) which must be 32 chars long:
| |
| | |
| $cfg['blowfish_secret'] = 'bD3e6wva9fnd93jVsb7SDgeiBCd452Dh'; /* YOU MUST FILL IN THIS FOR COOKIE AUTH! */
| |
| | |
| Don't use my example blowfish secret, set your own one!
| |
| | |
| Then add a line to set the directory which PHPMyAdmin shall use to store temporary files:
| |
| | |
| $cfg['TempDir'] = '/var/lib/phpmyadmin/tmp';
| |
| | |
| Next, we create the Apache configuration file for PHPMyAdmin by opening a new file in nano editor:
| |
| | |
| nano /etc/apache2/conf-available/phpmyadmin.conf
| |
| | |
| Paste the following config into the file and save it.
| |
| | |
| <nowiki># phpMyAdmin default Apache configuration</nowiki>
| |
| Alias /phpmyadmin /usr/share/phpmyadmin
| |
| <Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin>
| |
| Options FollowSymLinks
| |
| DirectoryIndex index.php
| |
| <IfModule mod_php7.c>
| |
| AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
| |
| php_flag magic_quotes_gpc Off
| |
| php_flag track_vars On
| |
| php_flag register_globals Off
| |
| php_value include_path .
| |
| </IfModule>
| |
| </Directory>
| |
| <nowiki># Authorize for setup</nowiki>
| |
| <Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin/setup>
| |
| <IfModule mod_authn_file.c>
| |
| AuthType Basic
| |
| AuthName "phpMyAdmin Setup"
| |
| AuthUserFile /etc/phpmyadmin/htpasswd.setup
| |
| </IfModule>
| |
| Require valid-user
| |
| </Directory>
| |
| <nowiki># Disallow web access to directories that don't need it</nowiki>
| |
| <Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin/libraries>
| |
| Order Deny,Allow
| |
| Deny from All
| |
| </Directory>
| |
| <Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin/setup/lib>
| |
| Order Deny,Allow
| |
| Deny from All
| |
| </Directory>
| |
| | |
| Activate the configuration and restart Apache.
| |
| | |
| a2enconf phpmyadmin
| |
| systemctl restart apache2
| |
| | |
| In the next step, we will configure the phpMyadmin configuration store (database).
| |
| | |
| Log into MariaDB as root user:
| |
| | |
| mysql -u root -p
| |
| | |
| In the MariaDB shell, create a new database for PHPMyAdmin:
| |
| | |
| MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE phpmyadmin;
| |
| | |
| Then create a new user:
| |
| | |
| MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER 'pma'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypassword';
| |
| | |
| Replace the word ''mypassword'' with a secure password of your choice in the commands above and below, use the same password both times. Then grant the user access to this database and reload database permissions.
| |
| | |
| MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON phpmyadmin.* TO 'pma'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypassword' WITH GRANT OPTION;
| |
| MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
| |
| MariaDB [(none)]> EXIT;
| |
| | |
| Finally, load the SQL tables into the database:
| |
| | |
| mysql -u root -p phpmyadmin < /usr/share/phpmyadmin/sql/create_tables.sql
| |
| | |
| Enter the MariaDB root password on request.
| |
| | |
| All we have to do now is to set the phpmyadmin user details in the configuration file. Open the file in nano editor again:
| |
| | |
| nano /usr/share/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php
| |
| | |
| Scroll down until you see the lines below and edit them:
| |
| | |
| /* User used to manipulate with storage */
| |
| $cfg['Servers'][$i]['controlhost'] = 'localhost';
| |
| $cfg['Servers'][$i]['controlport'] = '';
| |
| $cfg['Servers'][$i]['controluser'] = 'pma';
| |
| $cfg['Servers'][$i]['controlpass'] = 'mypassword';
| |
| /* Storage database and tables */
| |
| $cfg['Servers'][$i]['pmadb'] = 'phpmyadmin';
| |
| $cfg['Servers'][$i]['bookmarktable'] = 'pma__bookmark';
| |
| $cfg['Servers'][$i]['relation'] = 'pma__relation';
| |
| $cfg['Servers'][$i]['table_info'] = 'pma__table_info';
| |
| $cfg['Servers'][$i]['table_coords'] = 'pma__table_coords';
| |
| $cfg['Servers'][$i]['pdf_pages'] = 'pma__pdf_pages';
| |
| $cfg['Servers'][$i]['column_info'] = 'pma__column_info';
| |
| $cfg['Servers'][$i]['history'] = 'pma__history';
| |
| $cfg['Servers'][$i]['table_uiprefs'] = 'pma__table_uiprefs';
| |
| $cfg['Servers'][$i]['tracking'] = 'pma__tracking';
| |
| $cfg['Servers'][$i]['userconfig'] = 'pma__userconfig';
| |
| $cfg['Servers'][$i]['recent'] = 'pma__recent';
| |
| $cfg['Servers'][$i]['favorite'] = 'pma__favorite';
| |
| $cfg['Servers'][$i]['users'] = 'pma__users';
| |
| $cfg['Servers'][$i]['usergroups'] = 'pma__usergroups';
| |
| $cfg['Servers'][$i]['navigationhiding'] = 'pma__navigationhiding';
| |
| $cfg['Servers'][$i]['savedsearches'] = 'pma__savedsearches';
| |
| $cfg['Servers'][$i]['central_columns'] = 'pma__central_columns';
| |
| $cfg['Servers'][$i]['designer_settings'] = 'pma__designer_settings';
| |
| $cfg['Servers'][$i]['export_templates'] = 'pma__export_templates';
| |
| | |
| I've marked the lines in red which I've edited. Replace ''mypassword'' with the password that you've chosen for the phpmyadmin user. Note that the // in front of the lines have been removed as well!
| |
| | |
| == Install RoundCube Webmail (optional) ==
| |
| | |
| In this chapter, we will install the RoundCube webmail client. First, we have to create the database for Roundcube manually as there is currently an issue in the RoundCube Debian installer which causes it to fail to create the database automatically. Run this command to create the database:
| |
| | |
| echo "CREATE DATABASE roundcube;" | mysql --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf
| |
| | |
| Then install RoundCube with this command:
| |
| | |
| apt install roundcube roundcube-core roundcube-mysql roundcube-plugins
| |
| | |
| The installer will ask the following questions:
| |
| | |
| Configure database for roundcube with dbconfig.common? <-- yes
| |
| MySQL application password for roundcube: <-- press enter
| |
| | |
| Then edit the RoundCube /etc/roundcube/config.inc.php file and adjust a few settings:
| |
| | |
| nano /etc/roundcube/config.inc.php
| |
| | |
| Set the default_host and smtp_server to localhost.
| |
| | |
| $config['default_host'] = 'localhost';
| |
| $config['smtp_server'] = 'localhost';
| |
| | |
| Then edit the Apache roundcube configuration file /etc/apache2/conf-enabled/roundcube.conf:
| |
| | |
| nano /etc/apache2/conf-enabled/roundcube.conf
| |
| | |
| And add an alias line for the apache /webmail alias and one for /roundcube, you can add the line right at the beginning of the file. NOTE: Do not use /mail as alias or the ispconfig email module will stop working!
| |
| | |
| Alias /roundcube /var/lib/roundcube
| |
| Alias /webmail /var/lib/roundcube
| |
| | |
| Then reload Apache:
| |
| | |
| systemctl reload apache2
| |
| | |
| Now you can access RoundCube as follows:
| |
| | |
| http://192.168.0.100/webmailhttp://www.example.com/webmailhttp://server1.example.com:8080/webmail (after you have installed ISPConfig, see the next chapter)
| |
| | |
| [[Image:Bild2.png|top]]
| |
| | |
| == Download ISPConfig 3 ==
| |
| | |
| === Download the stable release (recommended) ===
| |
| | |
| To install ISPConfig 3 from the latest released version, do this:
| |
| | |
| cd /tmp
| |
| wget http://www.ispconfig.org/downloads/ISPConfig-3-stable.tar.gz
| |
| tar xfz ISPConfig-3-stable.tar.gz
| |
| cd ispconfig3_install/install/
| |
| | |
| === Download a pre-release version of the next 3.1 release ===
| |
| | |
| If you like to try out the pre-release of an upcoming 3.1 stable version, download it with this command. This stable branch versions are the last stable release plus the changes for the next stable version:
| |
| | |
| cd /tmp
| |
| wget -O ISPConfig-3.1-dev.tar.gz https://git.ispconfig.org/ispconfig/ispconfig3/repository/archive.tar.gz?ref=stable-3.1
| |
| tar xfz ISPConfig-3.1-dev.tar.gz
| |
| cd ispconfig3-stable-3.1*
| |
| cd install
| |
| | |
| == Install ISPConfig ==
| |
| | |
| The next step is to run the ISPConfig installer.
| |
| | |
| # php -q install.php
| |
| | |
| This will start the ISPConfig 3 installer. The installer will configure all services like Postfix, Dovecot, etc. for you. A manual setup as required for ISPConfig 2 (perfect setup guides) is not necessary.
| |
| | |
| # php -q install.php
| |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| |
| _____ ___________ _____ __ _ ____
| |
| |_ _/ ___| ___ \ / __ \ / _(_) /__ \
| |
| | | \ `--.| |_/ / | / \/ ___ _ __ | |_ _ __ _ _/ /
| |
| | | `--. \ __/ | | / _ \| '_ \| _| |/ _` | |_ |
| |
| _| |_/\__/ / | | \__/\ (_) | | | | | | | (_| | ___\ \
| |
| \___/\____/\_| \____/\___/|_| |_|_| |_|\__, | \____/
| |
| __/ |
| |
| |___/
| |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| |
| >> Initial configuration
| |
| Operating System: Debian 10.0 (Buster) or compatible
| |
| Following will be a few questions for primary configuration so be careful.
| |
| Default values are in [brackets] and can be accepted with <ENTER>.
| |
| Tap in "quit" (without the quotes) to stop the installer.
| |
| Select language (en,de) [en]: <-- Hit Enter
| |
| Installation mode (standard,expert) [standard]: <-- Hit Enter
| |
| Full qualified hostname (FQDN) of the server, eg server1.domain.tld [server1.example.com]: <-- Hit Enter
| |
| MySQL server hostname [localhost]: <-- Hit Enter
| |
| MySQL server port [3306]: <-- Hit Enter
| |
| MySQL root username [root]: <-- Hit Enter
| |
| MySQL root password []: <-- Enter your MySQL root password
| |
| MySQL database to create [dbispconfig]: <-- Hit Enter
| |
| MySQL charset [utf8]: <-- Hit Enter
| |
| Configuring Postgrey
| |
| Configuring Postfix
| |
| Generating a 4096 bit RSA private key
| |
| .......................................................................++
| |
| ........................................................................................................................................++
| |
| writing new private key to 'smtpd.key'
| |
| -----
| |
| You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
| |
| into your certificate request.
| |
| What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
| |
| There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
| |
| For some fields there will be a default value,
| |
| If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
| |
| -----
| |
| Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]: <-- Enter 2 letter country code
| |
| State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]: <-- Enter the name of the state
| |
| Locality Name (eg, city) []: <-- Enter your city
| |
| Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]: <-- Enter company name or press enter
| |
| Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: <-- Hit Enter
| |
| Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []: <-- Enter the server hostname, in my case: server1.example.com
| |
| Email Address []: <-- Hit Enter
| |
| Configuring Mailman
| |
| Configuring Dovecot
| |
| Configuring Spamassassin
| |
| Configuring Amavisd
| |
| Configuring Getmail
| |
| Configuring BIND
| |
| Configuring Jailkit
| |
| Configuring Pureftpd
| |
| Configuring Apache
| |
| Configuring vlogger
| |
| [INFO] service Metronome XMPP Server not detected
| |
| Configuring Ubuntu Firewall
| |
| Configuring Fail2ban
| |
| [INFO] service OpenVZ not detected
| |
| Configuring Apps vhost
| |
| Installing ISPConfig
| |
| ISPConfig Port [8080]:
| |
| Admin password [admin]:
| |
| Do you want a secure (SSL) connection to the ISPConfig web interface (y,n) [y]: <-- Hit Enter
| |
| Generating RSA private key, 4096 bit long modulus
| |
| .......................++
| |
| ................................................................................................................................++
| |
| e is 65537 (0x10001)
| |
| You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
| |
| into your certificate request.
| |
| What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
| |
| There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
| |
| For some fields there will be a default value,
| |
| If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
| |
| -----
| |
| Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]: <-- Enter 2 letter country code
| |
| State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]: <-- Enter the name of the state
| |
| Locality Name (eg, city) []: <-- Enter your city
| |
| Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]: <-- Enter company name or press enter
| |
| Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: <-- Hit Enter
| |
| Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []: <-- Enter the server hostname, in my case: server1.example.com
| |
| Email Address []: <-- Hit Enter
| |
| Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
| |
| to be sent with your certificate request
| |
| A challenge password []: <-- Hit Enter
| |
| An optional company name []: <-- Hit Enter
| |
| writing RSA key
| |
| Configuring DBServer
| |
| Installing ISPConfig crontab
| |
| no crontab for root
| |
| no crontab for getmail
| |
| Detect IP addresses
| |
| Restarting services ...
| |
| Installation completed.
| |
|
| |
| The installer automatically configures all underlying services, so no manual configuration is needed.
| |
|
| |
| Afterwards you can access ISPConfig 3 under http(s)://server1.example.com:8080/ or http(s)://192.168.0.100:8080/ ( http or https depends on what you chose during installation). Log in with the username admin and the password admin (you should change the default password after your first login):
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| [[Image:Bild3.png|top|alt="ISPConfig Login on Debian 10"]]
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| [[Image:Bild4.png|top|alt="ISPConfig Dashboard on Debian 10"]]
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| The system is now ready to be used.
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| === ISPConfig 3 Manual ===
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| In order to learn how to use ISPConfig 3, I strongly recommend downloading [https://www.howtoforge.com/download-the-ispconfig-3-manual the ISPConfig 3 Manual].
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| On more than 300 pages, it covers the concept behind ISPConfig (admin, resellers, clients), explains how to install and update ISPConfig 3, includes a reference for all forms and form fields in ISPConfig together with examples of valid inputs, and provides tutorials for the most common tasks in ISPConfig 3. It also lines out how to make your server more secure and comes with a troubleshooting section at the end.
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| == Virtual Machine Image Download of this Tutorial ==
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| This tutorial is available as ready to use virtual machine image in ovf/ova format that is compatible with VMWare and Virtualbox. The virtual machine image uses the following login details:
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| '''SSH / Shell Login'''
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| Username: administratorPassword: howtoforge
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| Username: rootPassword: howtoforge
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| '''ISPConfig Login'''
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| Username: adminPassword: admin
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| '''MySQL Login'''
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| Username: rootPassword: howtoforge
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| The IP of the VM is 192.168.0.100, it can be changed in the file /etc/network/interfaces. Please change all the above passwords to secure the virtual machine.
| | Wenn Sie dies nicht tun, wird die ISPConfig-Installation fehlschlagen. |
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| == Links == | | == Synchronisieren der Systemuhr == |
| | Es ist eine gute Idee, die Systemuhr mit einem NTP ('''n'''etwork '''t'''ime '''p'''rotocol) Server über das Internet zu synchronisieren. Führen Sie einfach aus |
| | # apt install ntp |
| | und Ihre Systemzeit wird immer synchron sein. |
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| * Debian: [http://www.debian.org/ http://www.debian.org/]
| | [[Kategorie:ISPConfig]] |
| * ISPConfig: [http://www.ispconfig.org/ http://www.ispconfig.org/]
| | [[Kategorie:Debian]] |