Backup/Server/Dokumentation/Anhänge

1. Angebot interner Backup/Server
2. Angebot externer Backup-Space
3. Kundenauftrag
4. Raumplan
5. Netzwerkplan
6. Skizzen
7. Schaltplan?
8. Config-Datei rsnapshot
9. Config-Datei duply
10. Ablauf GnuPG: Schlüsselerstellung
11. Fotos
12. Messprotokolle

rsnapshot.conf

#################################################
# rsnapshot.conf - rsnapshot configuration file #
#################################################
#                                               #
# PLEASE BE AWARE OF THE FOLLOWING RULE:        #
#                                               #
# This file requires tabs between elements      #
#                                               #
#################################################

#######################
# CONFIG FILE VERSION #
#######################

config_version  1.2

###########################
# SNAPSHOT ROOT DIRECTORY #
########################### 

# All snapshots will be stored under this root directory.
#
snapshot_root   /media/daten/rsnapshot/ 

# If no_create_root is enabled, rsnapshot will not automatically create the
# snapshot_root directory. This is particularly useful if you are backing
# up to removable media, such as a FireWire or USB drive.
#
#no_create_root 1 

#################################
# EXTERNAL PROGRAM DEPENDENCIES #
#################################

# LINUX USERS:   Be sure to uncomment "cmd_cp". This gives you extra features.
# EVERYONE ELSE: Leave "cmd_cp" commented out for compatibility.
#
# See the README file or the man page for more details.
#
cmd_cp          /bin/cp 

# uncomment this to use the rm program instead of the built-in perl routine.
#
cmd_rm          /bin/rm

# rsync must be enabled for anything to work. This is the only command that
# must be enabled.
#
cmd_rsync       /usr/bin/rsync
cmd_ssh /usr/bin/ssh
ssh_args        -p2227

 

# Uncomment this to enable remote ssh backups over rsync.
#
#cmd_ssh        /usr/bin/ssh 

# Comment this out to disable syslog support.
#
cmd_logger      /usr/bin/logger

# Uncomment this to specify the path to "du" for disk usage checks.
# If you have an older version of "du", you may also want to check the
# "du_args" parameter below.
#
#cmd_du         /usr/bin/du

# Uncomment this to specify the path to rsnapshot-diff.
#
#cmd_rsnapshot_diff     /usr/bin/rsnapshot-diff

# Specify the path to a script (and any optional arguments) to run right
# before rsnapshot syncs files
#
#cmd_preexec    /path/to/preexec/script

# Specify the path to a script (and any optional arguments) to run right
# after rsnapshot syncs files
#
#cmd_postexec   /path/to/postexec/script

# Paths to lvcreate, lvremove, mount and umount commands, for use with
# Linux LVMs.
#
#linux_lvm_cmd_lvcreate /sbin/lvcreate
#linux_lvm_cmd_lvremove /sbin/lvremove
#linux_lvm_cmd_mount    /bin/mount
#linux_lvm_cmd_umount   /bin/umount

#########################################
#     BACKUP LEVELS / INTERVALS         #
# Must be unique and in ascending order #
# e.g. alpha, beta, gamma, etc.         #
#########################################

retain  daily   7
retain  weekly  4
retain  monthly 3
retain  quartarly       4
retain  annual  2

############################################
#              GLOBAL OPTIONS              #
# All are optional, with sensible defaults #
############################################

# Verbose level, 1 through 5.
# 1     Quiet           Print fatal errors only
# 2     Default         Print errors and warnings only
# 3     Verbose         Show equivalent shell commands being executed
# 4     Extra Verbose   Show extra verbose information
# 5     Debug mode      Everything
#
verbose         5

# Same as "verbose" above, but controls the amount of data sent to the
# logfile, if one is being used. The default is 3.
# If you want the rsync output, you have to set it to 4
#
loglevel        4

# If you enable this, data will be written to the file you specify. The
# amount of data written is controlled by the "loglevel" parameter.
#
logfile /var/log/rsnapshot.log

# If enabled, rsnapshot will write a lockfile to prevent two instances
# from running simultaneously (and messing up the snapshot_root).
# If you enable this, make sure the lockfile directory is not world
# writable. Otherwise anyone can prevent the program from running.
#
lockfile        /var/run/rsnapshot.pid

# By default, rsnapshot check lockfile, check if PID is running
# and if not, consider lockfile as stale, then start
# Enabling this stop rsnapshot if PID in lockfile is not running
#
#stop_on_stale_lockfile         0

# Default rsync args. All rsync commands have at least these options set.
#
#rsync_short_args       -a
#rsync_long_args        --delete --numeric-ids --relative --delete- excluded

# ssh has no args passed by default, but you can specify some here.
#
#ssh_args       -p 22

# Default arguments for the "du" program (for disk space reporting).
# The GNU version of "du" is preferred. See the man page for more details.
# If your version of "du" doesn't support the -h flag, try -k flag instead.
#
#du_args        -csh

# If this is enabled, rsync won't span filesystem partitions within a
# backup point. This essentially passes the -x option to rsync.
# The default is 0 (off).
#
#one_fs         0

# The include and exclude parameters, if enabled, simply get passed directly
# to rsync. If you have multiple include/exclude patterns, put each one on a
# separate line. Please look up the --include and --exclude options in the
# rsync man page for more details on how to specify file name patterns. 
# 
#include        ???
#include        ???
#exclude        ???
#exclude        ???

# The include_file and exclude_file parameters, if enabled, simply get
# passed directly to rsync. Please look up the --include-from and
# --exclude-from options in the rsync man page for more details.
#
#include_file   /path/to/include/file
#exclude_file   /path/to/exclude/file

# If your version of rsync supports --link-dest, consider enabling  this.
# This is the best way to support special files (FIFOs, etc) cross-platform.
# The default is 0 (off).
#
#link_dest      0

# When sync_first is enabled, it changes the default behaviour of rsnapshot.
# Normally, when rsnapshot is called with its lowest interval
# (i.e.: "rsnapshot alpha"), it will sync files AND rotate the lowest
# intervals. With sync_first enabled, "rsnapshot sync" handles the file sync,
# and all interval calls simply rotate files. See the man page for more
# details. The default is 0 (off).
#
#sync_first     0

# If enabled, rsnapshot will move the oldest directory for each interval
# to [interval_name].delete, then it will remove the lockfile and delete
# that directory just before it exits. The default is 0 (off).
#
#use_lazy_deletes       0

# Number of rsync re-tries. If you experience any network problems or
# network card issues that tend to cause ssh to fail with errors like
# "Corrupted MAC on input", for example, set this to a non-zero value
# to have the rsync operation re-tried.
#
#rsync_numtries 0

# LVM parameters. Used to backup with creating lvm snapshot before backup
# and removing it after. This should ensure consistency of data in some  special
# cases
#
# LVM snapshot(s) size (lvcreate --size option).
#
#linux_lvm_snapshotsize 100M

# Name to be used when creating the LVM logical volume snapshot(s).
#
#linux_lvm_snapshotname rsnapshot

# Path to the LVM Volume Groups.
#
#linux_lvm_vgpath       /dev

# Mount point to use to temporarily mount the snapshot(s).
#
#linux_lvm_mountpath    /path/to/mount/lvm/snapshot/during/backup

###############################
### BACKUP POINTS / SCRIPTS ###
###############################

# LOCALHOST
backup  root@lincln02:/etc/             media/daten/rsnapshot/
backup  root@mx10.foxtom.de:/etc/       media/daten/rsnapshot/
backup  root@mx20.foxtom.de:/etc/       media/daten/rsnapshot/
backup  root@mx50.foxtom.de:/etc/       media/daten/rsnapshot/
#backup /usr/local/     localhost/
#backup /var/log/rsnapshot              localhost/
#backup /etc/passwd     localhost/
#backup /home/foo/My Documents/         localhost/
#backup /foo/bar/       localhost/      one_fs=1, rsync_short_args=-urltvpog
#backup_script  /usr/local/bin/backup_pgsql.sh  localhost/postgres/
# You must set linux_lvm_* parameters below before using lvm snapshots
#backup lvm://vg0/xen-home/     lvm-vg0/xen-home/

# EXAMPLE.COM
#backup_exec    /bin/date "+ backup of example.com started at %c"
#backup root@example.com:/home/ example.com/    +rsync_long_args=-- bwlimit=16,exclude=core
#backup root@example.com:/etc/  example.com/    exclude=mtab,exclude=core
#backup_exec    ssh root@example.com "mysqldump -A > /var/db/dump/mysql.sql"
#backup root@example.com:/var/db/dump/  example.com/
#backup_exec    /bin/date "+ backup of example.com ended at %c"

# CVS.SOURCEFORGE.NET
#backup_script  /usr/local/bin/backup_rsnapshot_cvsroot.sh      rsnapshot.cvs.sourceforge.net/

# RSYNC.SAMBA.ORG
#backup rsync://rsync.samba.org/rsyncftp/       rsync.samba.org/rsyncftp/

duply.conf

# gpg encryption settings, simple settings:
#  GnuPG_KEY='disabled' - disables encryption alltogether
#  GnuPG_KEY='<key1>[,<key2>]'; GnuPG_PW='pass' - encrypt with keys,
#   sign if secret key of key1 is available use GnuPG_PW for sign & decrypt
#  Note: you can specify keys via all methods described in gpg manpage,
#        section "How to specify a user ID", escape commas (,) via backslash (\)
#        e.g. 'Mueller, Horst', 'Bernd' -> 'Mueller\, Horst, Bernd'
#        as they are used to separate the entries
#  GnuPG_PW='passphrase' - symmetric encryption using passphrase only
GnuPG_KEY='B2E20485FF7FC772 ' 
GnuPG_PW='roottutgut' 
# gpg encryption settings in detail (extended settings)
#  the above settings translate to the following more specific settings
#  GnuPG_KEYS_ENC='<keyid1>[,<keyid2>,...]' - list of pubkeys to encrypt to
#  GnuPG_KEY_SIGN='<keyid1>|disabled' - a secret key for signing
#  GnuPG_PW='<passphrase>' - needed for signing, decryption and symmetric
#   encryption. If you want to deliver different passphrases for e.g. 
#   several keys or symmetric encryption plus key signing you can use
#   gpg-agent. Simply make sure that GnuPG_AGENT_INFO is set in environment.
#   also see "A NOTE ON SYMMETRIC ENCRYPTION AND SIGNING" in duplicity manpage 
# notes on en/decryption
#  private key and passphrase will only be needed for decryption or signing.
#  decryption happens on restore and incrementals (compare archdir contents).
#  for security reasons it makes sense to separate the signing key from the
#  encryption keys. https://answers.launchpad.net/duplicity/+question/107216
#GnuPG_KEYS_ENC='<pubkey1>,<pubkey2>,...'
#GnuPG_KEY_SIGN='<prvkey>'
# set if signing key passphrase differs from encryption (key) passphrase
# NOTE: available since duplicity 0.6.14, translates to SIGN_PASSPHRASE
#GnuPG_PW_SIGN='<signpass>'

# uncomment and set a file path or name force duply to use this gpg executable
# available in duplicity 0.7.04 and above (currently unreleased 06/2015)
#GnuPG='/usr/local/gpg-2.1/bin/gpg'

# gpg options passed from duplicity to gpg process (default=)
# e.g. "--trust-model pgp|classic|direct|always" 
#   or "--compress-algo=bzip2 --bzip2-compress-level=9"
#   or "--personal-cipher-preferences AES256,AES192,AES..."
#   or "--homedir ~/.duply" - keep keyring and gpg settings duply specific
#   or "--pinentry-mode loopback" - needed for GnuPG 2.1+ _and_
#      also enable allow-loopback-pinentry in your .gnupg/gpg-agent.conf
GnuPG_OPTS='--compress-algo=bzip2 --bzip2-compress-level=9 --personal- cipher-preferences AES256' 

# disable preliminary tests with the following setting
#GnuPG_TEST='disabled'

# backend, credentials & location of the backup target (URL-Format)
# generic syntax is
#   scheme://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/[/]path
# eg.
#   sftp://bob:secret@backupserver.com//home/bob/dupbkp
# for details and available backends see duplicity manpage, section URL Format
#   http://duplicity.nongnu.org/duplicity.1.html#sect7
# BE AWARE:
#   some backends (cloudfiles, S3 etc.) need additional env vars to be set to
#   work properly, read after the TARGET definition for more details.
# ATTENTION:
#   characters other than A-Za-z0-9.-_.~ in the URL have to be
#   replaced by their url encoded pendants, see
#     http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Url_encoding
#   if you define the credentials as TARGET_USER, TARGET_PASS below duply
#   will try to url_encode them for you if the need arises.
TARGET='file:///home/user/zielbackup' 
# optionally the username/password can be defined as extra variables
# setting them here _and_ in TARGET results in an error
# ATTENTION:
#   there are backends that do not support the user/pass auth scheme.
#   prominent examples are S3, Azure, Cloudfiles. when in doubt consult the
#   duplicity manpage. usually there is a NOTE section explaining if and which
#   env vars should be set.
#TARGET_USER='_backend_username_'
#TARGET_PASS='_backend_password_'
# eg. for cloud files backend it might look like this (uncomment for use!)
#export CLOUDFILES_USERNAME='someuser'
#export CLOUDFILES_APIKEY='somekey'
#export CLOUDFILES_AUTHURL ='someurl'
# the following is an incomplete list (<backend>: comma separated env vars list)
# Azure: AZURE_ACCOUNT_NAME, AZURE_ACCOUNT_KEY
# Cloudfiles: CLOUDFILES_USERNAME, CLOUDFILES_APIKEY, CLOUDFILES_AUTHURL
# Google Cloud Storage: GS_ACCESS_KEY_ID, GS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
# Pydrive: GOOGLE_DRIVE_ACCOUNT_KEY, GOOGLE_DRIVE_SETTINGS
# S3: AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID, AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
# Swift: SWIFT_USERNAME, SWIFT_PASSWORD, SWIFT_AUTHURL,
#        SWIFT_TENANTNAME OR SWIFT_PREAUTHURL, SWIFT_PREAUTHTOKEN

# base directory to backup
SOURCE='/' 

# a command that runs duplicity e.g. 
#  shape bandwidth use via trickle
#  "trickle -s -u 640 -d 5120" # 5Mb up, 40Mb down"
#DUPL_PRECMD=""

# override the used python interpreter, defaults to
#  - parsed result of duplicity's shebang or 'python2'
#   e.g. "python2" or "/usr/bin/python2.7"
#PYTHON="python"

# exclude folders containing exclusion file (since duplicity 0.5.14)
# Uncomment the following two lines to enable this setting.
#FILENAME='.duplicity-ignore'
#DUPL_PARAMS="$DUPL_PARAMS --exclude-if-present '$FILENAME'"

# Time frame for old backups to keep, Used for the "purge" command.  
# see duplicity man page, chapter TIME_FORMATS)
MAX_AGE=1M

# Number of full backups to keep. Used for the "purgeFull" command. 
# See duplicity man page, action "remove-all-but-n-full".
MAX_FULL_BACKUPS=1

# Number of full backups for which incrementals will be kept for.
# Used for the "purgeIncr" command.
# See duplicity man page, action "remove-all-inc-of-but-n-full".
#MAX_FULLS_WITH_INCRS=1

# activates duplicity --full-if-older-than option (since duplicity v0.4.4.RC3) 
# forces a full backup if last full backup reaches a specified age, for the 
# format of MAX_FULLBKP_AGE see duplicity man page, chapter TIME_FORMATS
# Uncomment the following two lines to enable this setting.
#MAX_FULLBKP_AGE=1M
#DUPL_PARAMS="$DUPL_PARAMS --full-if-older-than $MAX_FULLBKP_AGE " 

# sets duplicity --volsize option (available since v0.4.3.RC7)
# set the size of backup chunks to VOLSIZE MB instead of the default 25MB.
# VOLSIZE must be number of MB's to set the volume size to.
# Uncomment the following two lines to enable this setting. 
VOLSIZE=100
DUPL_PARAMS="$DUPL_PARAMS --volsize $VOLSIZE " 

# verbosity of output (error 0, warning 1-2, notice 3-4, info 5-8, debug 9)
# default is 4, if not set
VERBOSITY=8

# temporary file space. at least the size of the biggest file in backup
# for a successful restoration process. (default is '/tmp', if not set)
#TEMP_DIR=/tmp

# Modifies archive-dir option (since 0.6.0) Defines a folder that holds 
# unencrypted meta data of the backup, enabling new incrementals without the 
# need to decrypt backend metadata first. If empty or deleted somehow, the 
# private key and it's password are needed.
# NOTE: This is confidential data. Put it somewhere safe. It can grow  quite 
#       big over time so you might want to put it not in the home dir.
# default '~/.cache/duplicity/duply_<profile>/'
# if set  '${ARCH_DIR}/<profile>'
#ARCH_DIR=/some/space/safe/.duply-cache

# DEPRECATED setting
# sets duplicity --time-separator option (since v0.4.4.RC2) to allow users 
# to change the time separator from ':' to another character that will work 
# on their system.  HINT: For Windows SMB shares, use --time-separator='_'.
# NOTE: '-' is not valid as it conflicts with date separator.
# ATTENTION: only use this with duplicity < 0.5.10, since then default file 
#            naming is compatible and this option is pending depreciation 
#DUPL_PARAMS="$DUPL_PARAMS --time-separator _ "

# DEPRECATED setting
# activates duplicity --short-filenames option, when uploading to a file
# system that can't have filenames longer than 30 characters (e.g. Mac OS 8)
# or have problems with ':' as part of the filename (e.g. Microsoft Windows)
# ATTENTION: only use this with duplicity < 0.5.10, later versions default file 
#            naming is compatible and this option is pending depreciation
#DUPL_PARAMS="$DUPL_PARAMS --short-filenames "

# more duplicity command line options can be added in the following way
# don't forget to leave a separating space char at the end
#DUPL_PARAMS="$DUPL_PARAMS --put_your_options_here "

Konfiguration exclude-Datei

# vi /root/.duply/backuptest/exclude

# although called exclude, this file is actually a globbing file list
# duplicity accepts some globbing patterns, even including ones here
# here is an example, this incl. only 'dir/bar' except it's subfolder 'foo'
# - dir/bar/foo
# + dir/bar
# - **
# for more details see duplicity manpage, section File Selection
# http://duplicity.nongnu.org/duplicity.1.html#sect9

+ /etc
- **

Erstellung gpg-key

# gpg --full-generate-key
gpg (GnuPG) 2.2.12; Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

Bitte wählen Sie, welche Art von Schlüssel Sie möchten:
   (1) RSA und RSA (voreingestellt)
   (2) DSA und Elgamal
   (3) DSA (nur signieren/beglaubigen)
   (4) RSA (nur signieren/beglaubigen)
Ihre Auswahl? 1
RSA-Schlüssel können zwischen 1024 und 4096 Bit lang sein.
Welche Schlüssellänge wünschen Sie? (3072) 4096
Die verlangte Schlüssellänge beträgt 4096 Bit
Bitte wählen Sie, wie lange der Schlüssel gültig bleiben soll.
         0 = Schlüssel verfällt nie
      <n>  = Schlüssel verfällt nach n Tagen
      <n>w = Schlüssel verfällt nach n Wochen
      <n>m = Schlüssel verfällt nach n Monaten
      <n>y = Schlüssel verfällt nach n Jahren
Wie lange bleibt der Schlüssel gültig? (0) 1y
Key verfällt am Do 04 Nov 2021 18:26:30 CET
Ist dies richtig? (j/N) j

GnuPG erstellt eine User-ID, um Ihren Schlüssel identifizierbar zu  machen.

Ihr Name ("Vorname Nachname"): Robert Quies
Email-Adresse: raqju@web.de
Kommentar: Es grünt so grün, wenn Spaniens Blüten blühn.
Sie benutzen den Zeichensatz `utf-8'
Sie haben diese User-ID gewählt:
    "Robert Quies (Es grünt so grün, wenn Spaniens Blüten blühn.)  <raqju@web.de>"

Ändern: (N)ame, (K)ommentar, (E)-Mail oder (F)ertig/(A)bbrechen? F
Wir müssen eine ganze Menge Zufallswerte erzeugen.  Sie können dies
unterstützen, indem Sie z. B. in einem anderen Fenster/Konsole   irgendetwas
tippen, die Maus verwenden oder irgendwelche anderen Programme benutzen.
Wir müssen eine ganze Menge Zufallswerte erzeugen.  Sie können dies
unterstützen, indem Sie z. B. in einem anderen Fenster/Konsole  irgendetwas
tippen, die Maus verwenden oder irgendwelche anderen Programme benutzen.
gpg: /root/.gnupg/trustdb.gpg: trust-db erzeugt
gpg: Schlüssel F47E1B7450082D11 ist als ultimativ vertrauenswürdig gekennzeichnet
gpg: Verzeichnis `/root/.gnupg/openpgp-revocs.d' erzeugt
gpg: Widerrufzertifikat wurde als '/root/.gnupg/openpgp-revocs.d /60E3D3C9ED78CE4A40322BBAF47E1B7450082D11.rev' gespeichert.
Öffentlichen und geheimen Schlüssel erzeugt und signiert.

pub   rsa4096 2020-11-04 [SC] [verfällt: 2021-11-04]
      60E3D3C9ED78CE4A40322BBAF47E1B7450082D11
uid                      Robert Quies (Es grünt so grün, wenn Spaniens  Blüten blühn.) <raqju@web.de>
sub   rsa4096 2020-11-04 [E] [verfällt: 2021-11-04]

Passphrase kann nicht abgefragt werden

Befehl

# duply /root/.duply/Name_Backup_Profil full

Meldung

[GNUPG:] PINENTRY_LAUNCHED 23758 curses 1.1.0 - linux -
gpg: Beglaubigung fehlgeschlagen: Unpassender IOCTL (I/O-Control) für das Gerät
[GNUPG:] BEGIN_ENCRYPTION 2 9
[GNUPG:] FAILURE sign-encrypt 83918950
gpg: /usr/bin/duply: sign+encrypt failed: Unpassender IOCTL (I/O-Control) für das Gerät

Lösung

echo use-agent >> ~/.gnupg/gpg.conf
echo "pinentry-mode loopback" >> ~/.gnupg/gpg.conf
echo allow-loopback-pinentry >> ~/.gnupg/gpg-agent.conf

Hintergrund

• Es kommt zu dieser Fehlermeldung, weil gpg die Passphrase nicht automatisch abfragen konnte.
• Die erledigt der gpg-agent, der wiederum pinentry-curses zur sicheren Übertragung der Passphrase vewendet.
• In der gpg.conf muss angegeben werden, dass der gpg-agent verwendet werden soll (use-agent).
• Und in welchem Modus dieser verwendet werden soll (pinentry-mode loopback).
• In der gpg-agent.conf muss dem gpg-agent erlaubt werden den loop-back-pinentry durchzuführen (allow-loopback-pinentry).

---

Privater ssh-key (RSA) nicht valide

Befehl

# duply /root/.duply/Name_Backup_Profil full

Meldung

# duply /root/.duply/ersatzBU/ full  
Start duply v2.1, time is 2020-11-10 12:17:27.
Using profile '/root/.duply/ersatzBU'.
Using installed duplicity version 0.7.18.2, python 2.7.16 (/usr/bin/python2), gpg 2.2.12 (Home: /root/.gnupg), awk 'GNU Awk 4.2.1, API: 2.0 (GNU MPFR 4.0.2, GNU MP 6.1.2)', grep 'grep (GNU grep) 3.3', bash '5.0.3(1)-release (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)'.
Autoset found secret key of first GnuPG_KEY entry '1A955E6287B8E312' for signing.
Checking TEMP_DIR '/tmp' is a folder and writable (OK)
Test - Encrypt to '1A955E6287B8E312' & Sign with '1A955E6287B8E312' (OK)
Test - Decrypt (OK)
Test - Compare (OK)
Cleanup - Delete '/tmp/duply.3187.1605007047_*'(OK)
Backup PUB key '1A955E6287B8E312' to profile. (OK)
Write file 'gpgkey.1A955E6287B8E312.pub.asc' (OK)
Backup SEC key '1A955E6287B8E312' to profile. (OK)
Write file 'gpgkey.1A955E6287B8E312.sec.asc' (OK)

INFO

duply exported new keys to your profile.
You should backup your changed profile folder now and store it in a safe place.

--- Start running command FULL at 12:17:30.512 ---
Using archive dir: /root/.cache/duplicity/duply_ersatzBU
Using backup name: duply_ersatzBU
Import of duplicity.backends.acdclibackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.azurebackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.b2backend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.botobackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.cfbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.dpbxbackend Failed: No module named dropbox
Import of duplicity.backends.gdocsbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.giobackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.hsibackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.hubicbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.imapbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.lftpbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.localbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.mediafirebackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.megabackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.multibackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.ncftpbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.onedrivebackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.par2backend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.pydrivebackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.rsyncbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.ssh_paramiko_backend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.ssh_pexpect_backend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.swiftbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.sxbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.tahoebackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.webdavbackend Succeeded
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/paramiko/ecdsakey.py:164: CryptographyDeprecationWarning: Support for unsafe construction of public numbers from encoded data will be removed in a future version. Please use EllipticCurvePublicKey.from_encoded_point
 self.ecdsa_curve.curve_class(), pointinfo
ssh: Connected (version 2.0, client OpenSSH_7.5)
Using temporary directory /tmp/duplicity-IXHreI-tempdir
Backend error detail: Traceback (innermost last):
  File "/usr/bin/duplicity", line 1567, in <module>
    with_tempdir(main)
  File "/usr/bin/duplicity", line 1553, in with_tempdir
    fn()
  File "/usr/bin/duplicity", line 1392, in main
    action = commandline.ProcessCommandLine(sys.argv[1:])
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/duplicity/commandline.py", line 1135, in ProcessCommandLine
   backup, local_pathname = set_backend(args[0], args[1])
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/duplicity/commandline.py", line 1010, in set_backend
   globals.backend = backend.get_backend(bend)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/duplicity/backend.py", line 223, in get_backend
   obj = get_backend_object(url_string)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/duplicity/backend.py", line 209, in get_backend_object
   return factory(pu)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/duplicity/backends/ssh_paramiko_backend.py", line 235, in __init__
    self.config['port'], e))
 BackendException: ssh connection to u153662-sub1@u153662.your-storagebox.de:23 failed: not a valid RSA private key file

BackendException: ssh connection to u153662-sub1@u153662.your-storagebox.de:23 failed: not a valid RSA private key file
12:17:31.728 Task 'FULL' failed with exit code '23'.
--- Finished state FAILED 'code 23' at 12:17:31.728 - Runtime 00:00:01.216 ---

Lösung

Benötigt duplicity den ssh-key im PEM-Format, wenn duplicity sich via ssh anmelden soll. - Verifiziert durch Duplizierung des Fehlers.

# ssh-keygen -p -f /root/.ssh/id_rsa -m pem -P "" -N ""

Änderung des Formats des ssh-Keys von OPENSSH zu PEM (Privacy-Enhanced Mail)

ssh-keygen

Option	Beschreibung
-p	Fordert die Änderung der Passphrase einer privaten Schlüsseldatei zu ändern, anstatt einen neuen privaten Schlüssel zu erstellen. Das Programm fordert Sie auf, die Datei mit dem privaten Schlüssel, die alte Passphrase und zweimal die neue Passphrase einzugeben.
-f	Dateiname. Gibt den Dateinamen der Schlüsseldatei an. Hier der Pfad /root/.ssh/id_rsa
-m	Geben Sie ein Schlüsselformat für die Konvertierungsoptionen -i (Import) oder -e (Export) an. Die unterstützten Schlüsselformate sind: "RFC4716" (öffentlicher oder privater RFC 4716 / SSH2-Schlüssel), "PKCS8" (öffentlicher PEM PKCS8-Schlüssel) oder "PEM" (öffentlicher PEM-Schlüssel). Das Standardkonvertierungsformat ist "RFC4716". Wenn Sie beim Generieren oder Aktualisieren eines unterstützten privaten Schlüsseltyps das Format "PEM" festlegen, wird der Schlüssel im alten privaten PEM-Schlüsselformat gespeichert. Hier soll der ssh-key in das PEM-Format konvertiert werden also: -m PEM. in engl.: Specify a key format for the -i (import) or -e (export) conversion options. The supported key formats are: "RFC4716" (RFC 4716/SSH2 public or private key), "PKCS8" (PEM PKCS8 public key) or "PEM" (PEM public key). The default conversion format is "RFC4716". Setting a format of "PEM" when generating or updating a supported private key type will cause the key to be stored in the legacy PEM private key format.
-P	passphrase Stellt die (alte) Passphrase bereit.
-N	new_passphrase Stellt die neue Passphrase bereit.
"Passphrase"	Da hier weder im alten noch im neuen Format für den ssh-key eine Passphrase verwendet wurde bzw. werden soll, wird zwischen den beiden " nichts eingetragen: ""

Danach klappt es:

# duply /root/.duply/ersatzBU/ full                    
Start duply v2.1, time is 2020-11-10 12:39:16.
Using profile '/root/.duply/ersatzBU'.
Using installed duplicity version 0.7.18.2, python 2.7.16 (/usr/bin/python2), gpg 2.2.12 (Home: /root/.gnupg), awk 'GNU Awk 4.2.1, API: 2.0 (GNU MPFR 4.0.2, GNU MP 6.1.2)', grep 'grep (GNU grep) 3.3', bash '5.0.3(1)-release (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)'.
Autoset found secret key of first GnuPG_KEY entry '1A955E6287B8E312' for signing.
Checking TEMP_DIR '/tmp' is a folder and writable (OK)
Test - Encrypt to '1A955E6287B8E312' & Sign with '1A955E6287B8E312' (OK)
Test - Decrypt (OK)
Test - Compare (OK)
Cleanup - Delete '/tmp/duply.3711.1605008357_*'(OK)

--- Start running command FULL at 12:39:18.553 ---
Using archive dir: /root/.cache/duplicity/duply_ersatzBU
Using backup name: duply_ersatzBU
Import of duplicity.backends.acdclibackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.azurebackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.b2backend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.botobackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.cfbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.dpbxbackend Failed: No module named dropbox
Import of duplicity.backends.gdocsbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.giobackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.hsibackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.hubicbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.imapbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.lftpbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.localbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.mediafirebackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.megabackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.multibackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.ncftpbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.onedrivebackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.par2backend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.pydrivebackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.rsyncbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.ssh_paramiko_backend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.ssh_pexpect_backend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.swiftbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.sxbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.tahoebackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.webdavbackend Succeeded
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/paramiko/ecdsakey.py:164: CryptographyDeprecationWarning: Support for unsafe construction of public numbers from encoded data will be removed in a future version. Please use EllipticCurvePublicKey.from_encoded_point
  self.ecdsa_curve.curve_class(), pointinfo
ssh: Connected (version 2.0, client OpenSSH_7.5)
ssh: Authentication (publickey) successful!
ssh: [chan 0] Opened sftp connection (server version 3)
Reading globbing filelist /root/.duply/ersatzBU/exclude
Main action: full
================================================================================
duplicity 0.7.18.2 (October 17, 2018)
Args: /usr/bin/duplicity full --name duply_ersatzBU --encrypt-key 1A955E6287B8E312 --sign-key 1A955E6287B8E312 --verbosity 8 --gpg-options --compress-algo=bzip2 --bzip2-compress-level=9 --volsize 100 --exclude-filelist /root/.duply/ersatzBU/exclude / sftp://u153662-sub1@u153662.your-storagebox.de:23/backup
Linux debian1 4.19.0-12-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.19.152-1 (2020-10-18) x86_64 
/usr/bin/python2 2.7.16 (default, Oct 10 2019, 22:02:15) 
[GCC 8.3.0]
================================================================================
Using temporary directory /tmp/duplicity-isr25J-tempdir
Temp has 606838784 available, backup will use approx 136314880.
Local and Remote metadata are synchronized, no sync needed.
Last full backup date: none
Collection Status
-----------------
Connecting with backend: BackendWrapper
Archive dir: /root/.cache/duplicity/duply_ersatzBU

Found 0 secondary backup chains.
No backup chains with active signatures found
No orphaned or incomplete backup sets found.
Reuse configured PASSPHRASE as SIGN_PASSPHRASE
Using temporary directory /root/.cache/duplicity/duply_ersatzBU/duplicity-CWEaS8-tempdir
Using temporary directory /root/.cache/duplicity/duply_ersatzBU/duplicity-6dFeup-tempdir
AsyncScheduler: instantiating at concurrency 0
A .
A var
A var/cache
A var/cache/rsnapshot
AsyncScheduler: running task synchronously (asynchronicity disabled)
Writing duplicity-full.20201110T113919Z.vol1.difftar.gpg
Deleting /tmp/duplicity-isr25J-tempdir/mktemp-iyc8sL-2
AsyncScheduler: task completed successfully
Processed volume 1
Writing duplicity-full-signatures.20201110T113919Z.sigtar.gpg
Deleting /root/.cache/duplicity/duply_ersatzBU/duplicity-full-signatures.20201110T113919Z.sigtar.gpg
Writing duplicity-full.20201110T113919Z.manifest.gpg
Deleting /root/.cache/duplicity/duply_ersatzBU/duplicity-full.20201110T113919Z.manifest.gpg
--------------[ Backup Statistics ]--------------
StartTime 1605008359.92 (Tue Nov 10 12:39:19 2020)
EndTime 1605008359.97 (Tue Nov 10 12:39:19 2020)
ElapsedTime 0.04 (0.04 seconds)
SourceFiles 4
SourceFileSize 16384 (16.0 KB)
NewFiles 4
NewFileSize 16384 (16.0 KB)
DeletedFiles 0
ChangedFiles 0
ChangedFileSize 0 (0 bytes)
ChangedDeltaSize 0 (0 bytes)
DeltaEntries 4
RawDeltaSize 0 (0 bytes)
TotalDestinationSizeChange 1582 (1.54 KB)
Errors 0
-------------------------------------------------

--- Finished state OK at 12:39:21.932 - Runtime 00:00:03.379 ---

Von synchronen auf asynchronen Modus umstellen

• Arbeitet Backupvorgang effizienter ab.

AsyncScheduler: running task synchronously (asynchronicity disabled)

bei duplicity Option:

--asynchronous-upload

Diese Option in der .duply/conf eintragen unter:

# more duplicity command line options can be added in the following way
# don't forget to leave a seperating space char at the end
DUPL_PARAMS="$DUPL_PARAMS --asynchronous-upload "

Danach

# duply /root/.duply/ersatzBU/ full                
Start duply v2.1, time is 2020-11-10 13:27:40.
Using profile '/root/.duply/ersatzBU'.
Using installed duplicity version 0.7.18.2, python 2.7.16 (/usr/bin/python2), gpg 2.2.12 (Home: /root/.gnupg), awk 'GNU Awk 4.2.1, API: 2.0 (GNU MPFR 4.0.2, GNU MP 6.1.2)', grep 'grep (GNU grep) 3.3', bash '5.0.3(1)-release (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)'.
Autoset found secret key of first GnuPG_KEY entry '1A955E6287B8E312' for signing.
Checking TEMP_DIR '/tmp' is a folder and writable (OK)
Test - Encrypt to '1A955E6287B8E312' & Sign with '1A955E6287B8E312' (OK)
Test - Decrypt (OK)
Test - Compare (OK)
Cleanup - Delete '/tmp/duply.4565.1605011260_*'(OK)

--- Start running command FULL at 13:27:41.716 ---
Using archive dir: /root/.cache/duplicity/duply_ersatzBU
Using backup name: duply_ersatzBU
Import of duplicity.backends.acdclibackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.azurebackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.b2backend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.botobackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.cfbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.dpbxbackend Failed: No module named dropbox
Import of duplicity.backends.gdocsbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.giobackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.hsibackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.hubicbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.imapbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.lftpbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.localbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.mediafirebackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.megabackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.multibackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.ncftpbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.onedrivebackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.par2backend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.pydrivebackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.rsyncbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.ssh_paramiko_backend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.ssh_pexpect_backend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.swiftbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.sxbackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.tahoebackend Succeeded
Import of duplicity.backends.webdavbackend Succeeded
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/paramiko/ecdsakey.py:164: CryptographyDeprecationWarning: Support for unsafe construction of public numbers from encoded data will be removed in a future version. Please use EllipticCurvePublicKey.from_encoded_point
  self.ecdsa_curve.curve_class(), pointinfo
ssh: Connected (version 2.0, client OpenSSH_7.5)
ssh: Authentication (publickey) successful!
ssh: [chan 0] Opened sftp connection (server version 3)
Reading globbing filelist /root/.duply/ersatzBU/exclude
Main action: full
================================================================================
duplicity 0.7.18.2 (October 17, 2018)
Args: /usr/bin/duplicity full --name duply_ersatzBU --encrypt-key 1A955E6287B8E312 --sign-key 1A955E6287B8E312 --verbosity 8 --gpg-options --compress-algo=bzip2 --bzip2-compress-level=9 --volsize 100 --asynchronous-upload --exclude-filelist /root/.duply/ersatzBU/exclude / sftp://u153662-sub1@u153662.your-storagebox.de:23/backup
Linux debian1 4.19.0-12-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.19.152-1 (2020-10-18) x86_64 
/usr/bin/python2 2.7.16 (default, Oct 10 2019, 22:02:15) 
[GCC 8.3.0]
================================================================================
Using temporary directory /tmp/duplicity-lFN02I-tempdir
Temp has 606838784 available, backup will use approx 241172480.
Local and Remote metadata are synchronized, no sync needed.
Last full backup date: Tue Nov 10 12:39:19 2020
Collection Status
-----------------
Connecting with backend: BackendWrapper
Archive dir: /root/.cache/duplicity/duply_ersatzBU

Found 0 secondary backup chains.

Found primary backup chain with matching signature chain:
-------------------------
Chain start time: Tue Nov 10 12:39:19 2020
Chain end time: Tue Nov 10 12:39:19 2020
Number of contained backup sets: 1
Total number of contained volumes: 1
 Type of backup set:                            Time:      Num volumes:
                Full         Tue Nov 10 12:39:19 2020                 1
-------------------------
No orphaned or incomplete backup sets found.
Reuse configured PASSPHRASE as SIGN_PASSPHRASE
Using temporary directory /root/.cache/duplicity/duply_ersatzBU/duplicity-h7ERXb-tempdir
Using temporary directory /root/.cache/duplicity/duply_ersatzBU/duplicity-sHK2KZ-tempdir
AsyncScheduler: instantiating at concurrency 1
A .
A var
A var/cache
A var/cache/rsnapshot
AsyncScheduler: scheduling task for asynchronous execution
Processed volume 1
Writing duplicity-full.20201110T122742Z.vol1.difftar.gpg
Deleting /tmp/duplicity-lFN02I-tempdir/mktemp-6T80j7-2
AsyncScheduler: task execution done (success: True)
Writing duplicity-full-signatures.20201110T122742Z.sigtar.gpg
Deleting /root/.cache/duplicity/duply_ersatzBU/duplicity-full-signatures.20201110T122742Z.sigtar.gpg
Writing duplicity-full.20201110T122742Z.manifest.gpg
Deleting /root/.cache/duplicity/duply_ersatzBU/duplicity-full.20201110T122742Z.manifest.gpg
--------------[ Backup Statistics ]--------------
StartTime 1605011263.12 (Tue Nov 10 13:27:43 2020)
EndTime 1605011263.14 (Tue Nov 10 13:27:43 2020)
ElapsedTime 0.02 (0.02 seconds)
SourceFiles 4
SourceFileSize 16384 (16.0 KB)
NewFiles 4
NewFileSize 16384 (16.0 KB)
DeletedFiles 0
ChangedFiles 0
ChangedFileSize 0 (0 bytes)
ChangedDeltaSize 0 (0 bytes)
DeltaEntries 4
RawDeltaSize 0 (0 bytes)
TotalDestinationSizeChange 1593 (1.56 KB)
Errors 0
-------------------------------------------------

--- Finished state OK at 13:27:45.045 - Runtime 00:00:03.329 ---

gpg: Algorithmus pigz anstatt bzip2 verwenden, schlägt fehl

• parallel implementation of gzip
• Nutzt alle CPU-Kerne zum Komprimieren der Archive.

• Resultat pigz wird weder von gpg noch gpg2 unterstützt.

# gpg --version
gpg (GnuPG) 2.2.12
libgcrypt 1.8.4
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

Home: /root/.gnupg
Unterstützte Verfahren:
Öff. Schlüssel: RSA, ELG, DSA, ECDH, ECDSA, EDDSA
Verschlü.: IDEA, 3DES, CAST5, BLOWFISH, AES, AES192, AES256, TWOFISH,
           CAMELLIA128, CAMELLIA192, CAMELLIA256
Hash: SHA1, RIPEMD160, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512, SHA224
Komprimierung: nicht komprimiert, ZIP, ZLIB, BZIP2

# gpg2 --version
gpg (GnuPG) 2.2.12
libgcrypt 1.8.4
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

Home: /root/.gnupg
Unterstützte Verfahren:
Öff. Schlüssel: RSA, ELG, DSA, ECDH, ECDSA, EDDSA
Verschlü.: IDEA, 3DES, CAST5, BLOWFISH, AES, AES192, AES256, TWOFISH,
           CAMELLIA128, CAMELLIA192, CAMELLIA256
Hash: SHA1, RIPEMD160, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512, SHA224
Komprimierung: nicht komprimiert, ZIP, ZLIB, BZIP2

Oberflächenanalyse /dev/sdd

# smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdd
smartctl 6.6 2017-11-05 r4594 [x86_64-linux-4.19.0-12-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-17, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%     14712         -
# 2  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     14464         -
# 3  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%     14454         -
# 4  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     14443         -
# 5  Extended offline    Aborted by host               40%     14292         -
# 6  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%     14214         -
# 7  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     14212         -
# 8  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%     12438         -
# 9  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      8832         -
#10  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      3498         -

Werte aller Attribute /dev/sdd

# smartctl -A /dev/sdd
smartctl 6.6 2017-11-05 r4594 [x86_64-linux-4.19.0-12-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-17, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x002f   100   100   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       96
  2 Throughput_Performance  0x0026   055   055   000    Old_age   Always       -       8674
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0023   070   068   025    Pre-fail  Always       -       9391
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   098   098   000    Old_age   Always       -       2093
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   252   252   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x002e   252   252   051    Old_age   Always       -       0
  8 Seek_Time_Performance   0x0024   252   252   015    Old_age   Offline      -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       14714
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0032   252   252   051    Old_age   Always       -       0
 11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032   252   252   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   098   098   000    Old_age   Always       -       2114
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate      0x0022   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0022   252   252   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0002   064   052   000    Old_age   Always       -       35 (Min/Max 9/48)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered  0x003a   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   252   252   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   252   252   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0030   252   252   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0036   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate   0x002a   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       12783
223 Load_Retry_Count        0x0032   252   252   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
225 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       2167

Partitionierung - fdisk

• Bezeichnungen herausfinden

#fdisk -l

• Datenträger partitionieren

# fdisk /dev/sdc

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.33.1).                                                                                                             
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
  
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xdfca4904.

Command (m for help):

• GPT (GUID-Partition-Table) wird angelegt.

Command (m for help): g

Created a new GPT disklabel (GUID: 748568BC-EC8C-F34A-B822-45C2E267CFFB).

• Partitionstabelle anlegen

Command (m for help): n

Partition number (1-128, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-3907029134, default 2048): 2048
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-3907029134, default 3907029134): +1842G

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 1,8 TiB.

• Partition als RAID-Partition markieren

Command (m for help): t

Selected partition 1
Partition type (type L to list all types): 29

Changed type of partition 'Linux filesystem' to 'Linux RAID'.

• Änderungen auf Korrektheit überprüfen

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdc: 1,8 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Disk model: WDC WD20EZRX-00D
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 748568BC-EC8C-F34A-B822-45C2E267CFFB
 
Device     Start        End    Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sdc1   2048 3862956031 3862953984  1,8T Linux RAID

• Änderungen schreiben

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

RAID-Alignment (Ausrichtung)

• Datenträger, RAID-Verbunde und Dateisysteme fassen Daten jeweils für sich in Blöcke zusammen, bevor sie gespeichert werden.
• Diese Blöcke haben im Allgemeinen alle unterschiedliche Größen.
• Um eine optimale Performance zu erzielen, sollten die Größen aufeinander abgestimmt sein.
• Dafür muss zunächst die sog. Chunk Size, also die Datenmenge, die in einem einzelnen Schreibvorgang geschrieben wird, bekannt sein.

Ermittlung der Chunk Size

# mdadm -D /dev/md0 | grep "Chunk Size" 

• Bei einem RAID 5 mit Standardeinstellungen liefert dies z. B. :

    Chunk Size : 512K

• Es werden also 512 KiB Chunks verwendet.

Berechnung des Alignments

• Hieraus können, zusammen mit der Anzahl der Partitionen und des RAID-Levels, die Dateisystem-Parameter berechnet werden.

• Am einfachsten geht das mittels eines Raid-Stride-Calculators.

• Alternativ können die Parameter auch von Hand ermittelt werden.
  • block-size - Die Größe der Dateisystemblöcke in Bytes. Heutzutage werden fast ausschließlich 4096 Byte (4 KiB) Blöcke verwendet.
  • stride-size - Die Chunk Size umgerechnet in Dateisystemblöcke. Bei 512 KiB Chunk Size mit 4 KiB Blöcken ergibt sich 512 KiB/ 4 KiB = 128.
  • stripe-width - Die Größe eines Datenstreifens, also die Menge an Blöcken, die geschrieben wird, wenn ein voller Chunk auf jedes Laufwerk geschrieben wird. Diese berechnet sich aus stride-size * Anzahl der effektiv nutzbaren Partitionen. Bei einem RAID 5 über 4 Partitionen ergibt sich hier 128 * 3 = 384.

• Details zur Anzahl der effektiv nutzbaren Partitionen findet man im Artikel RAID.

• Sind die Parameter ermittelt, wird das Dateisystem erstellt:

# mkfs.ext4 -b 4096 -E stride=128,stripe-width=384 /dev/md0

Netzwerkplan - Ist-Zustand

Netzwerkplan - Soll-Konzept

Datenflussdiagramm - rsnapshot/duply

Entscheidungsmatrix

Kriterien

Backup-Space

• Preis pro TB:
  • Bezugsgrenze war der Bereich zwischen 2 und 4 TB an Datenspeicher.

• Standort(e):
  • Wo genau stehen die Server?
  • Wenn Server in mehreren Ländern stehen, kann man den Standort selbst wählen?

• Erweiterbarkeit:
  • Wie schnell kann der Datenspeicher nach oben (bzw. unten) skaliert werden?
  • Was verändert sich an den Kosten?

• Vertragslaufzeit:
  • Wie schnell und flexibel kann der Backspace an sich ändernde Anforderungen angepasst werden?

• Zugriffsprotokolle:
  • Anzahl und Art der verwendbaren Protkolle ausreichend?

• Reputation:
  • Nach Erfahrungswerten des Kunden/Online-Recherche

Angebote

Backup/Server

Liste Anbieter Backup-Space

Hetzner

• Link: https://www.hetzner.com/de/storage/storage-box/bx40

• Preis pro TB: 5,74€/Mon. (2TB) - keine Einrichtungsgebühr

• Standort(e): D, FIN

• Erweiterbarkeit: Up- oder Downgrade jeder Zeit möglich

• Vertragslaufzeit: keine

• Zugriffsprotokolle: FTP, FTPS, SFTP, SCP, HTTPS, WebDAV

Online-backup-storage

• Link: http://www.online-backup-storage.de/

• Preis pro TB: 35,70€ plus Einrichtungsgebühr

• Standort(e): D (Stuttgart)

• Erweiterbarkeit: bis 8 TB

• Vertragslaufzeit: keine Angabe

• Zugriffsprotokolle: SMB Encryption

Ionos 1

• Link: https://www.ionos.de/office-loesungen/hidrive-cloud-speicher

• Preis pro TB: 5,00€ (erste 12 Monate), danach 10,00€

• Standort(e): D

• Erweiterbarkeit: max 2 TB

• Vertragslaufzeit: 1 Monat

• Zugriffsprotokolle: Smartphone App, WebDAV, SMB, Git

IONOS Cloud Backup Flex

• Link: https://www.ionos.de/cloud/cloud-backup

• Preis pro TB: 120,00€ (Startguthaben 325,00€, Abrechnung monatlich 0,12Cent/GB, Zahlen nach Verbrauch)

• Standort(e): keine Angabe

• Erweiterbarkeit: keine Angabe

• Vertragslaufzeit: 1 Monat

• Zugriffsprotokolle: keine Angabe - Kryptografie SSL, AES-256

Strato HiDrive

• Link: https://www.strato.de/cloud-speicher/

• Preis pro TB: 6,00€, keine Einrichtungsgebühr

• Standort(e): D

• Erweiterbarkeit: direkt 3 TB

• Vertragslaufzeit: 12 Monate

• Zugriffsprotokolle: SFTP, FTPS, WebDAV, SMB/CIFS, rsynch, SCP, Git

LeitzCloud

• Link: https://leitz-cloud.com/

• Preis pro TB: 16,00€

• Standort(e): D

• Erweiterbarkeit: 12,5 TB

• Vertragslaufzeit: keine Angaben

• Zugriffsprotokolle: keien Angaben

RAID-Eintrag in der /etc/fstab

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
# / was on /dev/md0 during installation
UUID=c4da2ed2-7ab2-4bd3-94ad-121930037880 /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1 
/dev/sr0        /media/cdrom0   udf,iso9660 user,noauto     0       0

#md1 mit RAID 6
UUID=7207e28c-25ac-43cc-8ed5-f02d7b816463 /media/daten ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 2

Raumplan

vorhandene Infrastruktur

Backup-Clients	Funktion	Betriebssystem	Ip-Adresse
linncln01.localdomain	Workstation	Debian Testing	192.168.1.100
lincln02.localdomain	Workstation	Debian Stable	192.168.1.200
debian02.localdomain	Laptop	Debian Testing	192.168.1.300
mx10.foxtom.de	Webserver	Debian Stable	116.202.118.50
mx20.foxtom.de	Webserver	Debian Stable	81.169.207.103
mx50.foxtom.de	Webserver	Debian Stable	95.216.156.241

NEU: Einträge

weitere Netzwerk/Hardwaren	Funktion	Betriebssystem	Ip-Adresse
opnsense.localdomain	Router, Firewall, DHCP, DNS	OPNsense	192.168.1.1 / 91.66.18.81
TP-Link T2600G-18TS L2 managed	Switch		192.168.1.254
TP-Link EAP330	WLAN-Access-Point		192.168.1.188

Glossar

Open-Source-Software - Als Open Source (aus englisch open source, wörtlich offene Quelle) wird Software bezeichnet, deren Quelltext öffentlich und von Dritten eingesehen, geändert und genutzt werden kann. Open-Source-Software kann meistens kostenlos genutzt werden.

RTO - Recover time objetive ist die maximal tolerierbare Länge eines Zeitraums, die ein Computer, IT-System, Netzwerk oder eine Anwendung ausfallen darf.

RPO - Recovery point objective ist der Zeitraum, der zwischen zwei Backups liegen darf, um den Normalbetrieb nach dem Absturz eines Computers, IT-Systems oder Netzwerks sicherzustellen.

Protokoll

• Protokoll über die durchgeführte Projektarbeit

Deckblatt (wird bei Seitenanzahl nicht mitgerechnet)

1. Projektbezeichnung: Aufbau und Einrichtung eines Backup/Servers in einem LAN für Client-Backups und zusätzlich Einrichtung einer externen Backup-Lösung.
2. Namen und Vornamen: Quies, Robert
3. Prüfungsausschuss: ITSE 02
4. Ausbildungsberuf: IT-Systemelektroniker
5. Ausbildungsstätte bzw. Praktikumsbetrieb: itw gGmbH, Groninger Straße 25, 13347 Berlin bzw. Dirk Wagner Berlin, Carstennstraße 6, 12205 Berlin