Nmap/syntax

Aufruf

nmap [Scan Type...] [Options] {target specification}

Optionen

ZIEL-SPEZIFIKATION

Option	Beschreibung
Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.
Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254
-iL <inputfilename>: Input from list of hosts/networks* -iR <num hosts>: Choose random targets
--exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],...>: Exclude hosts/networks
--excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from file

HOST ENTDECKUNG

Option	Beschreibung
-sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan
-sP: Ping Scan - go no further than determining if host is online
-PN: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery
-PS/PA/PU[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK or UDP discovery to given ports
-PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes
-PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping
-n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes]
--dns-servers <serv1[,serv2],...>: Specify custom DNS servers
--system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver
--traceroute: Trace hop path to each host

SCAN TECHNIKEN

Option	Beschreibung
-sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans
-sU: UDP Scan
-sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans
--scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags
-sI <zombie host[:probeport]>: Idle scan
-sO: IP protocol scan
-b <FTP relay host>: FTP bounce scan

PORT SPEZIFIKATION und SCAN BEFEHL

Option	Beschreibung
-p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports
Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080
-F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan
-r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize
--top-ports <number>: Scan <number> most common ports
--port-ratio <ratio>: Scan ports more common than <ratio>

SERVICE/VERSIONS ERKENNUNG

Option	Beschreibung
-sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info
--version-intensity <level>: Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)
--version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)
--version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)
--version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)

SCRIPT SCAN

Option	Beschreibung
-sC: equivalent to --script=default
--script=<Lua scripts>: <Lua scripts> is a comma separated list of directories, script-files or script-categories
--script-args=<n1=v1,[n2=v2,...]>: provide arguments to scripts
--script-trace: Show all data sent and received
--script-updatedb: Update the script database.

OS ERKENNUNG

OS-Fingerprinting (engl. für „Betriebssystem-Fingerabdruck“)

Option	Beschreibung
-O: Enable OS detection
--osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets
--osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively

TIMING und DARSTELLUNG

Option	Beschreibung
Options which take are in milliseconds, unless you append 's'(seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).
-T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster)
--min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size>: Parallel host scan group sizes
--min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes>: Probe parallelization
--min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout : Specifies probe round trip time.
--max-retries <tries>: Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.
--host-timeout : Give up on target after this long
--scan-delay/--max-scan-delay : Adjust delay between probes
--min-rate <number>: Send packets no slower than <number> per second
--max-rate <number>: Send packets no faster than <number> per second

FIREWALL/IDS UMGEHUNG und -TÄUSCHUNG

Option	Beschreibung
-f; --mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)
-D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],...>: Cloak a scan with decoys
-S <IP_Address>: Spoof source address
-e <iface>: Use specified interface
-g/--source-port <portnum>: Use given port number
--data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets
--ip-options <options>: Send packets with specified ip options
--ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field
--spoof-mac <mac address/prefix/vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address
--badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP checksum

OUTPUT

Option	Beschreibung
<rIpt kIddi3,and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.
-oA <basename>: Output in the three major formats at once
-v: Increase verbosity level (use twice or more for greater effect)
-d[level]: Set or increase debugging level (Up to 9 is meaningful)
--reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state
--open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports
--packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received
--iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)
--log-errors: Log errors/warnings to the normal-format output file
--append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files
--resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan
--stylesheet <path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML
--webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML
--no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output

MISC

MISC ("Minimal instruction set computer" engl. für Computer mit minimalem Befehlssatz)

Option	Beschreibung
-6: Enable IPv6 scanning
-A: Enables OS detection and Version detection, Script scanning and Traceroute
--datadir <dirname>: Specify custom Nmap data file location
--send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets
--privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged
--unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges
-V: Print version number
-h: Print this help summary page.

TMP

Übersicht

Diese Übersicht wird ausgegeben, wenn Nmap ohne Argumente aufgerufen wird; die neueste Version davon ist immer unter https://nmap.org/data/nmap.usage.txt verfügbar. Sie hilft dabei, sich die am häufigsten benutzten Optionen zu merken, ist aber kein Ersatz für die detaillierte Dokumentation im Rest dieses Handbuchs. Einige obskure Optionen werden hier nicht einmal erwähnt.

   Nmap 4.85BETA8 ( https://nmap.org )
   Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}
   TARGET SPECIFICATION:
     Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.
     Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254
     -iL <inputfilename>: Input from list of hosts/networks
     -iR <num hosts>: Choose random targets
     --exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],...>: Exclude hosts/networks
     --excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from file
   HOST DISCOVERY:
     -sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan
     -sP: Ping Scan - go no further than determining if host is online
     -PN: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery
     -PS/PA/PU[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK or UDP discovery to given ports
     -PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes
     -PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping
     -n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes]
     --dns-servers <serv1[,serv2],...>: Specify custom DNS servers
     --system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver
     --traceroute: Trace hop path to each host
   SCAN TECHNIQUES:
     -sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans
     -sU: UDP Scan
     -sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans
     --scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags
     -sI <zombie host[:probeport]>: Idle scan
     -sO: IP protocol scan
     -b <FTP relay host>: FTP bounce scan
   PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:
     -p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports
       Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080
     -F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan
     -r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize
     --top-ports <number>: Scan <number> most common ports
     --port-ratio <ratio>: Scan ports more common than <ratio>
   SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:
     -sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info
     --version-intensity <level>: Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)
     --version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)
     --version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)
     --version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)
   SCRIPT SCAN:
     -sC: equivalent to --script=default
     --script=<Lua scripts>: <Lua scripts> is a comma separated list of
              directories, script-files or script-categories
     --script-args=<n1=v1,[n2=v2,...]>: provide arguments to scripts
     --script-trace: Show all data sent and received
     --script-updatedb: Update the script database.
   OS DETECTION:
     -O: Enable OS detection
     --osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets
     --osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively
   TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:
     Options which take < are in milliseconds, unless you append 's'
     (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).
     -T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster)
     --min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size>: Parallel host scan group sizes
     --min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes>: Probe parallelization
     --min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <: Specifies
         probe round trip time.
     --max-retries <tries>: Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.
     --host-timeout <: Give up on target after this long
     --scan-delay/--max-scan-delay <: Adjust delay between probes
     --min-rate <number>: Send packets no slower than <number> per second
     --max-rate <number>: Send packets no faster than <number> per second
   FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:
     -f; --mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)
     -D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],...>: Cloak a scan with decoys
     -S <IP_Address>: Spoof source address
     -e <iface>: Use specified interface
     -g/--source-port <portnum>: Use given port number
     --data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets
     --ip-options <options>: Send packets with specified ip options
     --ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field
     --spoof-mac <mac address/prefix/vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address
     --badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP checksum
   OUTPUT:
     -oN/-oX/-oS/-oG <file>: Output scan in normal, XML, s|<rIpt kIddi3,
        and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.
     -oA <basename>: Output in the three major formats at once
     -v: Increase verbosity level (use twice or more for greater effect)
     -d[level]: Set or increase debugging level (Up to 9 is meaningful)
     --reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state
     --open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports
     --packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received
     --iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)
     --log-errors: Log errors/warnings to the normal-format output file
     --append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files
     --resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan
     --stylesheet <path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML
     --webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML
     --no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output
   MISC:
     -6: Enable IPv6 scanning
     -A: Enables OS detection and Version detection, Script scanning and Traceroute
     --datadir <dirname>: Specify custom Nmap data file location
     --send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets
     --privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged
     --unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges
     -V: Print version number
     -h: Print this help summary page.
   EXAMPLES:
     nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org
     nmap -v -sP 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8
     nmap -v -iR 10000 -PN -p 80
   SEE THE MAN PAGE (https://nmap.org/book/man.html) FOR MORE OPTIONS AND EXAMPLES