|
|
Zeile 149: |
Zeile 149: |
| | v || Überprüfen einer MBR-Partitionstabelle. | | | v || Überprüfen einer MBR-Partitionstabelle. |
| |} | | |} |
|
| |
| =Anwendung=
| |
|
| |
| ==Anzeigen der Partitionstabellen aller Datenträger==
| |
|
| |
| #fdisk -l
| |
|
| |
| Disk /dev/sda: 931,5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
| |
| Disk model: SAMSUNG HD103SJ
| |
| Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
| |
| Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
| |
| I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
| |
| Disklabel type: dos
| |
| Disk identifier: 0x5bbfa64b
| |
|
| |
| Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
| |
| /dev/sda1 2048 39063551 39061504 18,6G fd Linux raid autodetect
| |
| /dev/sda2 39065598 1949218815 1910153218 910,9G 5 Extended
| |
| /dev/sda5 39065600 50782207 11716608 5,6G 82 Linux swap / Solaris
| |
| /dev/sda6 50784256 1949218815 1898434560 905,3G fd Linux raid autodetect
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| Disk /dev/sdc: 1,8 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
| |
| Disk model: WDC WD20EZRX-00D
| |
| Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
| |
| Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
| |
| I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
| |
| Disklabel type: dos
| |
| Disk identifier: 0xc54dca74
| |
|
| |
| Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
| |
| /dev/sdc1 2048 3907020976 3907018929 1,8T fd Linux raid autodetect
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| Disk /dev/sde: 1,8 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
| |
| Disk model: TOSHIBA HDWD120
| |
| Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
| |
| Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
| |
| I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
| |
| Disklabel type: dos
| |
| Disk identifier: 0x9d878eda
| |
|
| |
| Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
| |
| /dev/sde1 2048 3907020976 3907018929 1,8T fd Linux raid autodetect
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| Disk /dev/sdb: 1,8 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
| |
| Disk model: Hitachi HDS72202
| |
| Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
| |
| Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
| |
| I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
| |
| Disklabel type: dos
| |
| Disk identifier: 0x1c13a897
| |
|
| |
| Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
| |
| /dev/sdb1 2048 3907020976 3907018929 1,8T fd Linux raid autodetect
| |
|
| |
| ==Anzeigen der Partitionstabelle eines bestimmten Datenträgers==
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| #fdisk -l /dev/sde
| |
|
| |
| Disk /dev/sde: 1,8 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
| |
| Disk model: TOSHIBA HDWD120
| |
| Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
| |
| Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
| |
| I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
| |
| Disklabel type: dos
| |
| Disk identifier: 0x9d878eda
| |
|
| |
| Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
| |
| /dev/sde1 2048 3907020976 3907018929 1,8T fd Linux raid autodetect
| |
|
| |
| == Anzeige in der Größeneinheit cylinders==
| |
|
| |
| *Die Standardgrößeneinheit ist [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder-head-sector#Sectors sectors] (Sektoren).
| |
| # fdisk -l /dev/sda1
| |
| Disk /dev/sda1: 18,6 GiB, 19999490048 bytes, 39061504 sectors
| |
| '''Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes'''
| |
| Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
| |
| I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
| |
|
| |
| *Änderung der Größeneinheit von sectors auf [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder-head-sector#Cylinders cylinders] (Zylinder).
| |
| # fdisk -lu=cylinders /dev/sda1
| |
| Disk /dev/sda1: 18,6 GiB, 19999490048 bytes, 39061504 sectors
| |
| '''Units: cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes'''
| |
| Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
| |
| I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
| |
|
| |
| *Optionen '''-lu''' stehen für '''l'''ist und '''u'''nits.
| |
| *mehr Info: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_Head_Sector Cylinder Head Sector]
| |
|
| |
| ==Wechsel in den interaktiven Modus==
| |
|
| |
| # fdisk /dev/sdd
| |
|
| |
| Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.33.1).
| |
| Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
| |
| Be careful before using the write command.
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| Command (m for help):
| |
|
| |
| ==Kommandoübersicht anzeigen lassen==
| |
|
| |
| # fdisk /dev/sdc
| |
|
| |
| Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.33.1).
| |
| Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
| |
| Be careful before using the write command.
| |
|
| |
| Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
| |
| Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xdfca4904.
| |
|
| |
| Command (m for help): '''m'''
| |
|
| |
| Help:
| |
|
| |
| DOS (MBR)
| |
| a toggle a bootable flag
| |
| b edit nested BSD disklabel
| |
| c toggle the dos compatibility flag
| |
|
| |
| Generic
| |
| d delete a partition
| |
| F list free unpartitioned space
| |
| l list known partition types
| |
| n add a new partition
| |
| p print the partition table
| |
| t change a partition type
| |
| v verify the partition table
| |
| i print information about a partition
| |
|
| |
| Misc
| |
| m print this menu
| |
| u change display/entry units
| |
| x extra functionality (experts only)
| |
|
| |
| Script
| |
| I load disk layout from sfdisk script file
| |
| O dump disk layout to sfdisk script file
| |
|
| |
| Save & Exit
| |
| w write table to disk and exit
| |
| q quit without saving changes
| |
|
| |
| Create a new label
| |
| g create a new empty GPT partition table
| |
| G create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
| |
| o create a new empty DOS partition table
| |
| s create a new empty Sun partition table
| |
|
| |
| ==Nummernindex der Partitionstypen anzeigen lassen==
| |
|
| |
| # fdisk /dev/sda
| |
|
| |
| Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.33.1).
| |
| Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
| |
| Be careful before using the write command.
| |
|
| |
| Command (m for help): '''t'''
| |
|
| |
| Selected partition 1
| |
| Partition type (type L to list all types): '''L'''
| |
|
| |
| 1 EFI System C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B
| |
| 2 MBR partition scheme 024DEE41-33E7-11D3-9D69-0008C781F39F
| |
| 3 Intel Fast Flash D3BFE2DE-3DAF-11DF-BA40-E3A556D89593
| |
| 4 BIOS boot 21686148-6449-6E6F-744E-656564454649
| |
| 5 Sony boot partition F4019732-066E-4E12-8273-346C5641494F
| |
| 6 Lenovo boot partition BFBFAFE7-A34F-448A-9A5B-6213EB736C22
| |
| 7 PowerPC PReP boot 9E1A2D38-C612-4316-AA26-8B49521E5A8B
| |
| 8 ONIE boot 7412F7D5-A156-4B13-81DC-867174929325
| |
| 9 ONIE config D4E6E2CD-4469-46F3-B5CB-1BFF57AFC149
| |
| 10 Microsoft reserved E3C9E316-0B5C-4DB8-817D-F92DF00215AE
| |
| 11 Microsoft basic data EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7
| |
| 12 Microsoft LDM metadata 5808C8AA-7E8F-42E0-85D2-E1E90434CFB3
| |
| 13 Microsoft LDM data AF9B60A0-1431-4F62-BC68-3311714A69AD
| |
| 14 Windows recovery environment DE94BBA4-06D1-4D40-A16A-BFD50179D6AC
| |
| 15 IBM General Parallel Fs 37AFFC90-EF7D-4E96-91C3-2D7AE055B174
| |
| 16 Microsoft Storage Spaces E75CAF8F-F680-4CEE-AFA3-B001E56EFC2D
| |
| 17 HP-UX data 75894C1E-3AEB-11D3-B7C1-7B03A0000000
| |
| 18 HP-UX service E2A1E728-32E3-11D6-A682-7B03A0000000
| |
| 19 Linux swap 0657FD6D-A4AB-43C4-84E5-0933C84B4F4F
| |
| 20 Linux filesystem 0FC63DAF-8483-4772-8E79-3D69D8477DE4
| |
| 21 Linux server data 3B8F8425-20E0-4F3B-907F-1A25A76F98E8
| |
| 22 Linux root (x86) 44479540-F297-41B2-9AF7-D131D5F0458A
| |
| 23 Linux root (ARM) 69DAD710-2CE4-4E3C-B16C-21A1D49ABED3
| |
| 24 Linux root (x86-64) 4F68BCE3-E8CD-4DB1-96E7-FBCAF984B709
| |
| 25 Linux root (ARM-64) B921B045-1DF0-41C3-AF44-4C6F280D3FAE
| |
| 26 Linux root (IA-64) 993D8D3D-F80E-4225-855A-9DAF8ED7EA97
| |
| 27 Linux reserved 8DA63339-0007-60C0-C436-083AC8230908
| |
| 28 Linux home 933AC7E1-2EB4-4F13-B844-0E14E2AEF915
| |
| 29 Linux RAID A19D880F-05FC-4D3B-A006-743F0F84911E
| |
| 30 Linux extended boot BC13C2FF-59E6-4262-A352-B275FD6F7172
| |
| 31 Linux LVM E6D6D379-F507-44C2-A23C-238F2A3DF928
| |
| 32 FreeBSD data 516E7CB4-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
| |
| 33 FreeBSD boot 83BD6B9D-7F41-11DC-BE0B-001560B84F0F
| |
| 34 FreeBSD swap 516E7CB5-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
| |
| 35 FreeBSD UFS 516E7CB6-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
| |
| 36 FreeBSD ZFS 516E7CBA-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
| |
| 37 FreeBSD Vinum 516E7CB8-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
| |
| 38 Apple HFS/HFS+ 48465300-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
| |
|
| |
| *Hier werden die ersten 38 Partitionstypen angezeigt.
| |
| *Durch Drücken der Enter-Taste wird jeweils der nächste mögliche Partitionstyp angezeigt.
| |
|
| |
| 39 Apple UFS 55465300-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
| |
| 40 Apple RAID 52414944-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
| |
| 41 Apple RAID offline 52414944-5F4F-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
| |
| 42 Apple boot 426F6F74-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
| |
| 43 Apple label 4C616265-6C00-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
| |
| 44 Apple TV recovery 5265636F-7665-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
| |
| 45 Apple Core storage 53746F72-6167-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
| |
| 46 Solaris boot 6A82CB45-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
| |
| 47 Solaris root 6A85CF4D-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
| |
| 48 Solaris /usr & Apple ZFS 6A898CC3-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
| |
| 49 Solaris swap 6A87C46F-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
| |
| 50 Solaris backup 6A8B642B-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
| |
| 51 Solaris /var 6A8EF2E9-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
| |
| 52 Solaris /home 6A90BA39-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
| |
| 53 Solaris alternate sector 6A9283A5-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
| |
| 54 Solaris reserved 1 6A945A3B-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
| |
| 55 Solaris reserved 2 6A9630D1-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
| |
| 56 Solaris reserved 3 6A980767-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
| |
| 57 Solaris reserved 4 6A96237F-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
| |
| 58 Solaris reserved 5 6A8D2AC7-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
| |
| 59 NetBSD swap 49F48D32-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
| |
| 60 NetBSD FFS 49F48D5A-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
| |
| 61 NetBSD LFS 49F48D82-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
| |
| 62 NetBSD concatenated 2DB519C4-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
| |
| 63 NetBSD encrypted 2DB519EC-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
| |
| 64 NetBSD RAID 49F48DAA-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
| |
| 65 ChromeOS kernel FE3A2A5D-4F32-41A7-B725-ACCC3285A309
| |
| 66 ChromeOS root fs 3CB8E202-3B7E-47DD-8A3C-7FF2A13CFCEC
| |
| 67 ChromeOS reserved 2E0A753D-9E48-43B0-8337-B15192CB1B5E
| |
| 68 MidnightBSD data 85D5E45A-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
| |
| 69 MidnightBSD boot 85D5E45E-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
| |
| 70 MidnightBSD swap 85D5E45B-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
| |
| 71 MidnightBSD UFS 0394EF8B-237E-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
| |
| 72 MidnightBSD ZFS 85D5E45D-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
| |
| 73 MidnightBSD Vinum 85D5E45C-237C-11E1-B4B3-E89A8F7FC3A7
| |
| 74 Ceph Journal 45B0969E-9B03-4F30-B4C6-B4B80CEFF106
| |
| 75 Ceph Encrypted Journal 45B0969E-9B03-4F30-B4C6-5EC00CEFF106
| |
| 76 Ceph OSD 4FBD7E29-9D25-41B8-AFD0-062C0CEFF05D
| |
| 77 Ceph crypt OSD 4FBD7E29-9D25-41B8-AFD0-5EC00CEFF05D
| |
| 78 Ceph disk in creation 89C57F98-2FE5-4DC0-89C1-F3AD0CEFF2BE
| |
| 79 Ceph crypt disk in creation 89C57F98-2FE5-4DC0-89C1-5EC00CEFF2BE
| |
| 80 VMware VMFS AA31E02A-400F-11DB-9590-000C2911D1B8
| |
| 81 VMware Diagnostic 9D275380-40AD-11DB-BF97-000C2911D1B8
| |
| 82 VMware Virtual SAN 381CFCCC-7288-11E0-92EE-000C2911D0B2
| |
| 83 VMware Virsto 77719A0C-A4A0-11E3-A47E-000C29745A24
| |
| 84 VMware Reserved 9198EFFC-31C0-11DB-8F78-000C2911D1B8
| |
| 85 OpenBSD data 824CC7A0-36A8-11E3-890A-952519AD3F61
| |
| 86 QNX6 file system CEF5A9AD-73BC-4601-89F3-CDEEEEE321A1
| |
| 87 Plan 9 partition C91818F9-8025-47AF-89D2-F030D7000C2C
| |
| (END)
| |
|
| |
| *In diesem Fall sind noch weitere 49 Partitionstypen möglich.
| |
| *Durch Eingabe des Buchstaben q schließt sich die Liste und der Partitionstyp kann durch Eingabe der Partitionsnummer geändert werden.
| |
|
| |
| ==Neue primäre Partition anlegen==
| |
| ===Auswählen===
| |
| # fdisk /dev/sdc
| |
|
| |
| Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.33.1).
| |
| Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
| |
| Be careful before using the write command.
| |
|
| |
| Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
| |
| Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xdfca4904.
| |
|
| |
| Command (m for help): '''g'''
| |
|
| |
| Created a new GPT disklabel (GUID: 748568BC-EC8C-F34A-B822-45C2E267CFFB).
| |
|
| |
| *Als Disklabel wurde GPT festgelegt.
| |
| **'''g''' steht für gpt
| |
|
| |
| Command (m for help): '''n'''
| |
| Partition number (1-128, ''default'' 1):
| |
| First sector (2048-3907029134, ''default'' 2048):
| |
| Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-3907029134, ''default'' 3907029134): '''+1842G'''
| |
|
| |
| Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 1,8 TiB.
| |
|
| |
| *Neue Partitionstabelle wurde (vor)angelegt (siehe [[Linux:Befehl:fdisk#Auswahl von Kommandos mit Veränderungen an einer MBR-Partitionstabelle|Kommando '''w''']]).
| |
| **'''n''' steht für new
| |
|
| |
| *Soll als primäre Partition angelegt werden.
| |
| **'''1''' oder einfach "Enter" drücken, dann wird der Standardwert (''default'') genommen.
| |
| *Am Anfang des Datenträgers werden 2048 Sektoren ungenutzt gelassen, um ein optimales [[Linux:Software-RAID:Anlegen#Alignment (Ausrichtung)|Alignment]] zu ermöglichen.
| |
| *Der erste Sektor der Partition soll bei Sektor 2048 beginnen.
| |
| **'''2048''' oder einfach "Enter" drücken, dann wird der Standardwert (''default'') genommen.
| |
| *Am Ende des Datenträgers werden auch Sektoren ungenutzt gelassen, denn falls nach Jahren ein Datenträger ausfällt und keine baugleiche Festplatte mehr beschafft werden kann, wird das RAID zum Datengrab.
| |
| *Werden Sektoren am Ende ungenutzt gelassen, kann ein Datenträger, der einige Sektoren weniger hat, problemlos verwendet werden.
| |
| *Hier sollen sicherheitshalber 1,2 GiB frei bleiben.
| |
| **1,8 TiB = 1843,2 GiB => '''+1842G'''
| |
|
| |
| Command (m for help): '''t'''
| |
|
| |
| Selected partition 1
| |
| Partition type (type L to list all types): '''29'''
| |
|
| |
| Changed type of partition 'Linux filesystem' to 'Linux RAID'.
| |
|
| |
| *Der Partitionstyp wurde auf "Linux RAID" geändert.
| |
| **'''t''' steht für type
| |
| *Die Nummer für den Partitionstyp "Linux RAID" ist die 29 (siehe [[Linux:Befehl:fdisk#Nummernindex der Partitionstypen anzeigen lassen|Nummernindex der Partitionstypen]]).
| |
| **'''29'''
| |
|
| |
| ===Kontrolle===
| |
|
| |
| Command (m for help): '''p'''
| |
|
| |
| Disk '''/dev/sdc''': 1,8 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
| |
| Disk model: WDC WD20EZRX-00D
| |
| Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
| |
| Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
| |
| I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
| |
| Disklabel type: '''gpt'''
| |
| Disk identifier: 748568BC-EC8C-F34A-B822-45C2E267CFFB
| |
|
| |
| Device Start End Sectors Size Type
| |
| /dev/sdc'''1''' '''2048''' '''3862956031''' 3862953984 1,8T '''Linux RAID'''
| |
|
| |
| *Vor dem tatsächlichen Schreiben der Partitionstabelle bzw. Änderungen daran, sollte alles nochmal kontrolliert werden.
| |
| **'''p''' steht für print
| |
|
| |
| ===Schreiben===
| |
|
| |
| Command (m for help): '''w'''
| |
|
| |
| The partition table has been altered.
| |
| Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
| |
| Syncing disks.
| |
|
| |
| *Partitionstabelle wurde tatsächlich geschrieben.
| |
| **'''w''' steht für write
| |
|
| |
| ==Partitionstyp ändern==
| |
|
| |
| # fdisk /dev/sda
| |
|
| |
| Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.33.1).
| |
| Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
| |
| Be careful before using the write command.
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| Command (m for help): '''t'''
| |
|
| |
| Selected partition 1
| |
| Partition type (type L to list all types): '''19'''
| |
|
| |
| Changed type of partition 'Linux filesystem' to 'Linux swap'.
| |
|
| |
|
| =Quellen= | | =Quellen= |