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| == Syntax == | | == Syntax == |
| Das Kommando '''ip''' aus der iproute2 Toolsammlung dient unter Linux zur Konfiguration von Netzwerkadressen. Dieser Artikel zeigt die wichtigsten Parameter des ip Kommandos anhand einiger Beispiele.
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| ip OPTIONEN SCHNITTSTELLE
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| == Vergleichstabelle ip versus ifconfig ==
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| Die Tabelle zeigt wichtige Befehle zur Netzwerkkonfiguration und vergleicht die Syntax der Kommandos ip und ifconfig:
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |- style="background-color: #EFEFEF; font-weight: bold;"
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| ! Zweck
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| ! iproute2 Kommando
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| ! iproute2 Kommando Kurzversion
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| ! net-tools Kommando
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| |-
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| | Linkstatus anzeigen
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| | [[#ip link show|<code>ip link show</code>]]
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| | <code>ip l</code>
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| | <code>ifconfig</code>
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| |-
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| | Linkstatus inkl. Statistik <br>(RX/TX bytes, errors, ...) anzeigen
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| | [[#ip link show|<code>ip -statistics link show</code>]]
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| | <code>ip -s l</code>
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| | <code>ifconfig</code>
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| |-
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| | IP Adresse anzeigen
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| | [[#ip addr show|<code>ip addr show</code>]]
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| | <code>ip a</code>
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| | <code>ifconfig -a</code>
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| |-
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| | IP Adresse setzen
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| | [[#ip addr add IP/NETMASK dev DEVICE|<code>ip addr add IP/NETMASK dev DEVICE</code>]]
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| | <code>ip a a IP/NETMASK dev DEVICE</code>
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| | <code>ifconfig DEVICE IP/NETMASK</code>
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| |-
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| | IP Adresse entfernen
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| | [[#ip addr add IP/NETMASK dev DEVICE|<code>ip addr del IP/NETMASK dev DEVICE</code>]]
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| | <code>ip a d IP/NETMASK dev DEVICE</code>
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| |-
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| | IP Adressen entfernen
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| | [[#ip addr flush dev DEVICE|<code>ip addr flush dev DEVICE</code>]]
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| | <code>ip a f dev DEVICE</code>
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| |-
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| | Routingtabelle anzeigen
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| | [[#ip route show|<code>ip route show</code>]]
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| | <code>ip r</code>
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| | <code>route -n</code>
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| |-
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| | Standardgateway setzen
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| | [[#ip route add default via IP|<code>ip route add default via IP</code>]]
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| | <code>ip r a default via IP</code>
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| | <code>route add default gw IP DEVICE</code>
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| |-
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| | ARP-Cache anzeigen
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| | [[#ip neigh show|<code>ip neigh show</code>]]
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| | <code>ip n</code>
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| | <code>arp -na</code>
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| |-
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| | Verbindungen anzeigen
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| | <code>ss --tcp --all --processes --extended --numeric</code>
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| | <code>ss -tapen</code>
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| | <code>netstat -tapen</code>
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| |}
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| == Beispiele == | | == Beispiele == |
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| Die folgenden Ausgaben zeigen einige Beispiele von iproute2 Kommandos.
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| === ip help ===
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| <pre>
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| $ ip help
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| Usage: ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }
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| ip [ -force ] -batch filename
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| where OBJECT := { link | addr | addrlabel | route | rule | neigh | ntable |
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| tunnel | tuntap | maddr | mroute | mrule | monitor | xfrm |
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| netns }
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| OPTIONS := { -V[ersion] | -s[tatistics] | -d[etails] | -r[esolve] |
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| -f[amily] { inet | inet6 | ipx | dnet | link } |
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| -l[oops] { maximum-addr-flush-attempts } |
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| -o[neline] | -t[imestamp] | -b[atch] [filename] |
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| -rc[vbuf] [size]}
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| </pre>
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| === ip link show ===
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| <pre>
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| $ ip link show
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| 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
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| link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
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| 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
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| link/ether 08:00:27:66:72:e1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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| </pre>
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| === ip -statistics link show ===
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| <pre>
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| $ ip link show
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| 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
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| link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
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| RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
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| 2073916 4895 0 0 0 0
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| TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
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| 2073916 4895 0 0 0 0
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| 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
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| link/ether 08:00:27:66:72:e1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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| RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
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| 1716782262 1369751 0 0 0 0
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| TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
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| 308636400 1172428 0 0 0 0
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| </pre>
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| === ip addr show ===
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| <pre>
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| $ ip addr show
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| 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
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| link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
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| inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
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| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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| inet6 ::1/128 scope host
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| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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| 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
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| link/ether 08:00:27:66:72:e1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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| inet 10.1.102.59/24 brd 10.1.102.255 scope global eth0
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| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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| inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe66:72e1/64 scope link
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| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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| </pre>
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|
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| === ip addr add IP/NETMASK dev DEVICE ===
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| <pre>
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| $ ip addr add 10.1.102.60/24 dev eth0
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| $ ip a
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| 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
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| link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
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| inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
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| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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| inet6 ::1/128 scope host
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| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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| 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
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| link/ether 08:00:27:66:72:e1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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| inet 10.1.102.59/24 brd 10.1.102.255 scope global eth0
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| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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| inet 10.1.102.60/24 scope global secondary eth0
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| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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| inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe66:72e1/64 scope link
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| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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| </pre>
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|
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| === ip addr del IP/NETMASK dev DEVICE ===
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| <pre>
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| $ ip addr del 10.1.102.60/24 dev eth0
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| $ ip a
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| 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
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| link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
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| inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
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| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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| inet6 ::1/128 scope host
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| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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| 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
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| link/ether 08:00:27:15:17:5e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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| inet 10.1.102.54/24 brd 10.1.102.255 scope global eth0
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| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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| inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe15:175e/64 scope link
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| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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| </pre>
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| === ip addr flush dev DEVICE ===
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| <pre>
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| $ ip addr flush dev eth0
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| $ ip a
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| 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
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| link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
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| inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
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| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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| inet6 ::1/128 scope host
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| valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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| 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
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| link/ether 08:00:27:15:17:5e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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| </pre>
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| === ip route show ===
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| <pre>
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| $ ip route show
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| default via 10.1.102.1 dev eth0 metric 100
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| 10.1.102.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 10.1.102.59
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| </pre>
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| === ip route add default via IP ===
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| <pre>
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| $ ip route add d via 10.1.102.1
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| </pre>
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| === ip neigh show ===
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| <pre>
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| $ ip neigh show
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| 10.1.102.101 dev eth0 lladdr f0:de:f1:f3:17:88 REACHABLE
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| 10.1.102.1 dev eth0 lladdr 00:0c:42:97:79:63 REACHABLE
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| </pre>
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| ==Links== | | ==Links== |