Dmidecode
dmidecode - DMI table decoder
SYNOPSIS
dmidecode [OPTIONS]
DESCRIPTION
dmidecode is a tool for dumping a computer's DMI (some say SMBIOS) table contents in a human-readable format. This table contains a de‐ scription of the system's hardware components, as well as other useful pieces of information such as serial numbers and BIOS revision. Thanks to this table, you can retrieve this information without having to probe for the actual hardware. While this is a good point in terms of report speed and safeness, this also makes the presented information possibly unreliable.
The DMI table doesn't only describe what the system is currently made of, it also can report the possible evolutions (such as the fastest supported CPU or the maximal amount of memory supported).
SMBIOS stands for System Management BIOS, while DMI stands for Desktop Management Interface. Both standards are tightly related and de‐ veloped by the DMTF (Desktop Management Task Force).
As you run it, dmidecode will try to locate the DMI table. It will first try to read the DMI table from sysfs, and next try reading di‐ rectly from memory if sysfs access failed. If dmidecode succeeds in locating a valid DMI table, it will then parse this table and dis‐ play a list of records like this one:
Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 8 bytes. Base Board Information
Manufacturer: Intel Product Name: C440GX+ Version: 727281-001 Serial Number: INCY92700942
Each record has:
- A handle. This is a unique identifier, which allows records to reference each other. For example, processor records usually reference
cache memory records using their handles.
- A type. The SMBIOS specification defines different types of elements a computer can be made of. In this example, the type is 2, which
means that the record contains "Base Board Information".
- A size. Each record has a 4-byte header (2 for the handle, 1 for the type, 1 for the size), the rest is used by the record data. This
value doesn't take text strings into account (these are placed at the end of the record), so the actual length of the record may be (and is often) greater than the displayed value.
- Decoded values. The information presented of course depends on the type of record. Here, we learn about the board's manufacturer,
model, version and serial number.
OPTIONS
-d, --dev-mem FILE
Read memory from device FILE (default: /dev/mem)
-q, --quiet
Be less verbose. Unknown, inactive and OEM-specific entries are not displayed. Meta-data and handle references are hidden.
-s, --string KEYWORD
Only display the value of the DMI string identified by KEYWORD. KEYWORD must be a keyword from the following list: bios-vendor,
bios-version, bios-release-date, bios-revision, firmware-revision, system-manufacturer, system-product-name, system-version, sys‐
tem-serial-number, system-uuid, system-sku-number, system-family, baseboard-manufacturer, baseboard-product-name, baseboard-ver‐
sion, baseboard-serial-number, baseboard-asset-tag, chassis-manufacturer, chassis-type, chassis-version, chassis-serial-number,
chassis-asset-tag, processor-family, processor-manufacturer, processor-version, processor-frequency. Each keyword corresponds to
a given DMI type and a given offset within this entry type. Not all strings may be meaningful or even defined on all systems.
Some keywords may return more than one result on some systems (e.g. processor-version on a multi-processor system). If KEYWORD
is not provided or not valid, a list of all valid keywords is printed and dmidecode exits with an error. This option cannot be
used more than once.
Note: on Linux, most of these strings can alternatively be read directly from sysfs, typically from files under /sys/devices/vir‐
tual/dmi/id. Most of these files are even readable by regular users.
-t, --type TYPE
Only display the entries of type TYPE. TYPE can be either a DMI type number, or a comma-separated list of type numbers, or a key‐
word from the following list: bios, system, baseboard, chassis, processor, memory, cache, connector, slot. Refer to the DMI TYPES
section below for details. If this option is used more than once, the set of displayed entries will be the union of all the given
types. If TYPE is not provided or not valid, a list of all valid keywords is printed and dmidecode exits with an error.
-H, --handle HANDLE
Only display the entry whose handle matches HANDLE. HANDLE is a 16-bit integer.
-u, --dump
Do not decode the entries, dump their contents as hexadecimal instead. Note that this is still a text output, no binary data will
be thrown upon you. The strings attached to each entry are displayed as both hexadecimal and ASCII. This option is mainly useful
for debugging.
--dump-bin FILE
Do not decode the entries, instead dump the DMI data to a file in binary form. The generated file is suitable to pass to --from-
dump later.
--from-dump FILE
Read the DMI data from a binary file previously generated using --dump-bin.
--no-sysfs
Do not attempt to read DMI data from sysfs files. This is mainly useful for debugging.
--oem-string N
Only display the value of the OEM string number N. The first OEM string has number 1. With special value "count", return the num‐
ber of OEM strings instead.
-h, --help
Display usage information and exit
-V, --version
Display the version and exit
Options --string, --type, --dump-bin and --oem-string determine the output format and are mutually exclusive.
Please note in case of dmidecode is run on a system with BIOS that boasts new SMBIOS specification, which is not supported by the tool yet, it will print out relevant message in addition to requested data on the very top of the output. Thus informs the output data is not reliable.
DMI TYPES
The SMBIOS specification defines the following DMI types:
Type Information ────────────────────────────────────────────
0 BIOS 1 System 2 Baseboard 3 Chassis 4 Processor 5 Memory Controller 6 Memory Module 7 Cache 8 Port Connector 9 System Slots 10 On Board Devices 11 OEM Strings 12 System Configuration Options 13 BIOS Language 14 Group Associations 15 System Event Log 16 Physical Memory Array 17 Memory Device
18 32-bit Memory Error 19 Memory Array Mapped Address 20 Memory Device Mapped Address 21 Built-in Pointing Device 22 Portable Battery 23 System Reset 24 Hardware Security 25 System Power Controls 26 Voltage Probe 27 Cooling Device 28 Temperature Probe 29 Electrical Current Probe 30 Out-of-band Remote Access 31 Boot Integrity Services 32 System Boot 33 64-bit Memory Error 34 Management Device 35 Management Device Component 36 Management Device Threshold Data 37 Memory Channel 38 IPMI Device 39 Power Supply 40 Additional Information 41 Onboard Devices Extended Information 42 Management Controller Host Interface
Additionally, type 126 is used for disabled entries and type 127 is an end-of-table marker. Types 128 to 255 are for OEM-specific data. dmidecode will display these entries by default, but it can only decode them when the vendors have contributed documentation or code for them.
Keywords can be used instead of type numbers with --type. Each keyword is equivalent to a list of type numbers:
Keyword Types ────────────────────────────── bios 0, 13 system 1, 12, 15, 23, 32 baseboard 2, 10, 41 chassis 3 processor 4 memory 5, 6, 16, 17 cache 7 connector 8 slot 9
Keywords are matched case-insensitively. The following command lines are equivalent: • dmidecode --type 0 --type 13 • dmidecode --type 0,13 • dmidecode --type bios • dmidecode --type BIOS
BINARY DUMP FILE FORMAT
The binary dump files generated by --dump-bin and read using --from-dump are formatted as follows:
• The SMBIOS or DMI entry point is located at offset 0x00. It is crafted to hard-code the table address at offset 0x20. • The DMI table is located at offset 0x20.
UUID FORMAT
There is some ambiguity about how to interpret the UUID fields prior to SMBIOS specification version 2.6. There was no mention of byte swapping, and RFC 4122 says that no byte swapping should be applied by default. However, SMBIOS specification version 2.6 (and later) ex‐ plicitly states that the first 3 fields of the UUID should be read as little-endian numbers (byte-swapped). Furthermore, it implies that the same was already true for older versions of the specification, even though it was not mentioned. In practice, many hardware vendors were not byte-swapping the UUID. So, in order to preserve compatibility, it was decided to interpret the UUID fields according to RFC 4122 (no byte swapping) when the SMBIOS version is older than 2.6, and to interpret the first 3 fields as little-endian (byte-swapped) when the SMBIOS version is 2.6 or later. The Linux kernel follows the same logic.
FILES
/dev/mem /sys/firmware/dmi/tables/smbios_entry_point (Linux only) /sys/firmware/dmi/tables/DMI (Linux only)
BUGS
More often than not, information contained in the DMI tables is inaccurate, incomplete or simply wrong.
SEE ALSO
- biosdecode(8)
- mem(4)
- ownership(8)
- vpddecode(8)