/etc/network/interfaces
topic - Beschreibung
Beschreibung
The file /etc/network/interfaces available in Debian and its derived distributions allows to define static and dynamic IP addresses for the interfaces, setup routing information and default gateways, masquerading network bonding and more.
The default interfaces file looks like the following:
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Where auto starts the interface at boot and iface calls the network interface (in this case lo, loopback). All lines beginning with “auto” specify the interfaces which will be enabled when running “ifup -a”, a command executed at boot.
Lines beginning with “iface” have the following syntax
iface <interface> <address_family> <method>
For example
iface enp2s0 inet dhcp
Anwendungen
DHCP
- The following example shows how to setup a network card using DHCP
To add a new interface using DHCP, add the following lines:
auto <Interface> allow-hotplug <Interface> iface <Interface> inet dhcp
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Where allow-hotplug will start the interface upon event detection.
- Note
- for IPv6 add “inet6”: iface <interface> inet6 dhcp
- Where <interface> you should set your device name, eth0, enp2s0, wlp3s0, etc.
Static address
If instead of configuring the interface with DHCP you want to set a static IP address and gateway replace the previous instructions with the following (replace 192.168.0.8/24 and 192.168.0.1 with your correct IP addresses):
auto <Interface>iface <Interface> inet staticaddress 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.0.1 dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8
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Defining gateway and broadcast is optional.
- The following example shows a different configuration which runs after the network interface is enabled (up) or disabled (down).
- The “up” lines are executed when the device is enabled while the “down” lines when it is disabled:
auto eth0 iface eth0 inet staticaddress 192.168.0.5 network 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.128 broadcast 192.168.0.0 up route add -net 192.168.0.128 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.0.1up route add default gw 192.168.0.200 down route del default gw 192.168.0.200 down route del -net 192.168.0.128 netmask 255.255.255.128 gw 192.168.0.1
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Network card with 2 interfaces
- Static configuration for a network card with two interfaces
auto eth0 eth0:1
iface eth0 inet staticaddress 192.168.0.5 network 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255 gateway 192.168.0.1
iface eth0:1 inet staticaddress 192.168.0.10 network 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0
Bonding
siehe Bonding
Logging
- Enable logging for the file /etc/network/interfaces
- There are 3 options related to the logging:
- VERBOSE
- instructs log files to have detailed information
- DEBUG
- enable debugging when logging
- SYSLOG
- save logs within /var/log/syslog
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Pre-up commands for /etc/network/interfaces
- Pre-up commands are executed before enabling the network device
- If the pre-up command fails the network card activation wont take place
- Post-up instructions for /etc/network/interfaces
- Post-up instructions are executed after the network interface is enabled
- Pre-down instructions for /etc/network/interfaces
- Pre-down instructions are executed before disabling the network device
'* Post-down instructions for /etc/network/interfaces: Post-down instructions are executed after the network interface is disabled
Pre-up, pre-down, post-up and post-down flags are conditional, if they ail the network device won’t get enabled or won’t be properly marked as disabled.
For example, the instruction:
pre-up /usr/local/sbin/iptables
Will run the firewall before the network interface gets enabled, if iptables fails to start the network interface wont turn on.
Persistente Routen
Dauerhafte (persistente) statische Routen werden in /etc/network/interfaces eingetragen
#--------------------------------------------# # Setup the loopback network interface (lo0) # #--------------------------------------------# auto lo iface lo inet loopback
#--------------------------------------------#
# Setup eth0 - connected to private LAN/VLAN #
#--------------------------------------------#
auto eth0
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.70.201.5
netmask 255.255.255.192
### add persistent route command ###
post-up route add -net 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 gw 10.70.201.6
#----------------------------------------#
# Setup eth1 - connected to the Internet #
#----------------------------------------#
auto eth1
allow-hotplug eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 205.153.203.98
netmask 255.255.255.248
### default gateway ###
gateway 205.153.203.97
# service networking restart