Linux/Bilder/optimieren
Optimize Images
JPEG and PNG
You have a lot of images, and want to optimize and compress the images without losing its original quality before uploading them to any cloud or local storages? There are plenty of GUI applications available which will help you to optimize the images. However, here are two simple command line utilities to optimize images and they are:# jpegoptim – is a utility to optimize/compress JPEG files without loosing quality.
- OptiPNG – is a small program that optimize PNG images to smaller size without losing any information.
Compress and Optimize JPEG and PNG Images in Linux
Using these two tools, you can either optimize a single or multiple images at a time.
Compress or Optimize JPEG Images from Command Line
jpegoptim is a command line tool that can be used to optimize and compress JPEG, JPG and JFIF files without losing its actual quality. This tool supports lossless optimization, which is based on optimizing the Huffman tables.
Install jpegoptim in Linux
To install jpegoptim on your Linux systems, run the following command from your terminal.
On Debian and it’s Derivatives
# apt-get install jpegoptim or $ sudo apt-get install jpegoptim
On RedHat based Systems
On RPM based systems like RHEL, CentOS, Fedora etc., you need to install and enable EPEL repository or alternatively, you can install the epel repository directly from the commandline as shown:
# yum install epel-release # dnf install epel-release [On Fedora 22+ versions]
Next install jpegoptim program from the repository as shown:
# yum install jpegoptim # dnf install jpegoptim [On Fedora 22+ versions]
How to Use Jpegoptim Image Optimizer
The syntax of jpegoptm is:
$ jpegoptim filename.jpeg $ jpegoptim [options] filename.jpeg
Let’s now compress the following tecmint.jpeg image, but before optimizing the image, first find out the actual size of the image using du command as shown.
$ du -sh tecmint.jpeg
6.2M tecmint.jpeg
Here the actual file size is 6.2MB, now compress this file by running:
$ jpegoptim tecmint.jpeg
Optimize JPEG Image in Linux
Open the compressed image in any image viewer application, you will not find any major differences. The source and compressed images will have the same quality.
The above command optimizes the images to the maximum possible size. However, you can compress the given image to a specific size to, but it disables the lossless optimization.
For example, let us compress above the image from 5.6MB to around 250k.
$ jpegoptim --size=250k tecmint.jpeg
Optimize Image Fix Size
Batch JPEG Image Compression and Optimization
You might ask how to compress the images in the entire directory, that’s not difficult too. Go to the directory where you have the images.
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ cd img/ tecmint@tecmint ~/img $ ls -l total 65184 -rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint 6680532 Jan 19 12:21 DSC_0310.JPG -rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint 6846248 Jan 19 12:21 DSC_0311.JPG -rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint 7174430 Jan 19 12:21 DSC_0312.JPG -rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint 6514309 Jan 19 12:21 DSC_0313.JPG -rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint 6755589 Jan 19 12:21 DSC_0314.JPG -rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint 6789763 Jan 19 12:21 DSC_0315.JPG -rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint 6958387 Jan 19 12:21 DSC_0316.JPG -rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint 6463855 Jan 19 12:21 DSC_0317.JPG -rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint 6614855 Jan 19 12:21 DSC_0318.JPG -rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint 5931738 Jan 19 12:21 DSC_0319.JPG
And then run the following command to compress all images at once.
tecmint@tecmint ~/img $ jpegoptim *.JPG DSC_0310.JPG 6000x4000 24bit N Exif [OK] 6680532 --> 5987094 bytes (10.38%), optimized. DSC_0311.JPG 6000x4000 24bit N Exif [OK] 6846248 --> 6167842 bytes (9.91%), optimized. DSC_0312.JPG 6000x4000 24bit N Exif [OK] 7174430 --> 6536500 bytes (8.89%), optimized. DSC_0313.JPG 6000x4000 24bit N Exif [OK] 6514309 --> 5909840 bytes (9.28%), optimized. DSC_0314.JPG 6000x4000 24bit N Exif [OK] 6755589 --> 6144165 bytes (9.05%), optimized. DSC_0315.JPG 6000x4000 24bit N Exif [OK] 6789763 --> 6090645 bytes (10.30%), optimized. DSC_0316.JPG 6000x4000 24bit N Exif [OK] 6958387 --> 6354320 bytes (8.68%), optimized. DSC_0317.JPG 6000x4000 24bit N Exif [OK] 6463855 --> 5909298 bytes (8.58%), optimized. DSC_0318.JPG 6000x4000 24bit N Exif [OK] 6614855 --> 6016006 bytes (9.05%), optimized. DSC_0319.JPG 6000x4000 24bit N Exif [OK] 5931738 --> 5337023 bytes (10.03%), optimized.
You can also compress multiple selected images at once:
$ jpegoptim DSC_0310.JPG DSC_0311.JPG DSC_0312.JPG DSC_0310.JPG 6000x4000 24bit N Exif [OK] 6680532 --> 5987094 bytes (10.38%), optimized. DSC_0311.JPG 6000x4000 24bit N Exif [OK] 6846248 --> 6167842 bytes (9.91%), optimized. DSC_0312.JPG 6000x4000 24bit N Exif [OK] 7174430 --> 6536500 bytes (8.89%), optimized.
For more details about jpegoptim tool, check out the man pages.
$ man jpegoptim
Compress or Optimize PNG Images from Command Line
OptiPNG is a command line tool used to optimize and compress PNG (portable network graphics) files without losing its original quality.
The installation and usage of OptiPNG is very similar to jpegoptim.
Install OptiPNG in Linux
To install OptiPNG on your Linux systems, run the following command from your terminal.
On Debian and it’s Derivatives
# apt-get install optipng or $ sudo apt-get install optipng
On RedHat based Systems
# yum install optipng # dnf install optipng [On Fedora 22+ versions]
Note: You must have epel repository enabled on your RHEL/CentOS based systems to install optipng program.
How to Use OptiPNG Image Optimizer
The general syntax of optipng is:
$ optipng filename.png $ optipng [options] filename.png
Let us compress the tecmint.png image, but before optimizing, first check the actual size of the image as shown:
tecmint@tecmint ~/img $ ls -lh tecmint.png -rw------- 1 tecmint tecmint 350K Jan 19 12:54 tecmint.png
Here the actual file size of above image is 350K, now compress this file by running:
tecmint@tecmint ~/img $ optipng tecmint.png OptiPNG 0.6.4: Advanced PNG optimizer. Copyright (C) 2001-2010 Cosmin Truta.
** Processing: tecmint.png 1493x914 pixels, 4x8 bits/pixel, RGB+alpha Reducing image to 3x8 bits/pixel, RGB Input IDAT size = 357525 bytes Input file size = 358098 bytes
Trying:
zc = 9 zm = 8 zs = 0 f = 0 IDAT size = 249211
Selecting parameters:
zc = 9 zm = 8 zs = 0 f = 0 IDAT size = 249211
Output IDAT size = 249211 bytes (108314 bytes decrease) Output file size = 249268 bytes (108830 bytes = 30.39% decrease)
As you see in the above output, the size of the tecmint.png file has been reduced up to 30.39%. Now verify the file size again using:
tecmint@tecmint ~/img $ ls -lh tecmint.png -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 244K Jan 19 12:56 tecmint.png
Open the compressed image in any image viewer application, you will not find any major differences between the original and compressed files. The source and compressed images will have the same quality.
Batch PNG Image Compression and Optimization
To compress batch or multiple PNG images at once, just go the directory where all images resides and run the following command to compress.
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ cd img/ tecmint@tecmint ~/img $ optipng *.png
OptiPNG 0.6.4: Advanced PNG optimizer. Copyright (C) 2001-2010 Cosmin Truta.
** Processing: Debian-8.png 720x345 pixels, 3x8 bits/pixel, RGB Input IDAT size = 95151 bytes Input file size = 95429 bytes
Trying:
zc = 9 zm = 8 zs = 0 f = 0 IDAT size = 81388
Selecting parameters:
zc = 9 zm = 8 zs = 0 f = 0 IDAT size = 81388
Output IDAT size = 81388 bytes (13763 bytes decrease) Output file size = 81642 bytes (13787 bytes = 14.45% decrease)
** Processing: Fedora-22.png 720x345 pixels, 4x8 bits/pixel, RGB+alpha Reducing image to 3x8 bits/pixel, RGB Input IDAT size = 259678 bytes Input file size = 260053 bytes
Trying:
zc = 9 zm = 8 zs = 0 f = 5 IDAT size = 222479 zc = 9 zm = 8 zs = 1 f = 5 IDAT size = 220311 zc = 1 zm = 8 zs = 2 f = 5 IDAT size = 216744
Selecting parameters:
zc = 1 zm = 8 zs = 2 f = 5 IDAT size = 216744
Output IDAT size = 216744 bytes (42934 bytes decrease) Output file size = 217035 bytes (43018 bytes = 16.54% decrease) ....
For more details about optipng check man pages.
$ man optipng
Quellen
Optimize and Compress PNG Files In Bulk
I have lots of images in png format (over 250k+ png). Properly formatting and compressing png images can save many bytes of data. How do I compress and optimize png images on my amazon cloud account so that I can save bandwidth on cloudfront cdn account? How do I use an image compressor to create lossless compression on PNG files, with no effect on image quality in bulk using Red Hat Enterprise Linux bash shell?The following image format is recommended and used by big web sites such as Google / Yahoo / Amazon / Facebook etc:
- PNG file format is recommended for web.
- GIF file format is recommended for small size images.
- JPG file format is recommended for high resolution photographic-style images.
- Do not use BMPs or TIFFs.
Say hello to optipng
You need to use a tool called optipng. It is a PNG optimizer that recompresses image files to a smaller size, without losing any information. This program also converts external formats (BMP, GIF, PNM and TIFF) to optimized PNG, and performs PNG integrity checks and corrections. This tool can be installed on any server powered by Unix or Linux operating systems.
Installation
First, turn on EPEL repo and type the following yum command to install optipng:## ** first enable epel repo on centos 7 ** ### yum install epel-release# yum install optipngSample outputs:
Loaded plugins: auto-update-debuginfo, protectbase, rhnplugin
0 packages excluded due to repository protections
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package optipng.x86_64 0:0.6.4-1.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===============================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===============================================================================
Installing:
optipng x86_64 0.6.4-1.el6 epel 82 k
Transaction Summary
===============================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)
Total download size: 82 k
Installed size: 181 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
optipng-0.6.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 82 kB 00:00
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : optipng-0.6.4-1.el6.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : optipng-0.6.4-1.el6.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
optipng.x86_64 0:0.6.4-1.el6
Complete!
Debian and Ubuntu/Mint Linux user type the following apt-get command to install the same:$ sudo apt-get install optipng
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following NEW packages will be installed:
optipng
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 89.0 kB of archives. After this operation, 212 kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main optipng amd64 0.6.4-1build1 [89.0 kB] Fetched 89.0 kB in 0s (419 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package optipng. (Reading database ... 16090 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../optipng_0.6.4-1build1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking optipng (0.6.4-1build1) ... Setting up optipng (0.6.4-1build1) ...
How do I use optipng command?
The syntax is:
| optipng file
optipng [options] file optipng [options] input.png |
My sample test.png image:
To display png image size, type, and compression info, enter:$ pnginfo -t test.png Sample outputs:
test.png (tiffinfo compatible labels)...
Image Width: 1164 Image Length: 911 Bits/Sample: 8 Samples/Pixel: 3 Pixel Depth: 24 Colour Type (Photometric Interpretation): RGB Image filter: Single row per byte filter Interlacing: No interlacing Compression Scheme: Deflate method 8, 32k window Resolution: 0, 0 (unit unknown) FillOrder: msb-to-lsb Byte Order: Network (Big Endian) Number of text strings: 1 of 9 Software (xTXt deflate compressed): Shutter
Use ls command to see file size:$ ls -lh test.png Sample outputs:
-rw-r--r-- 1 vivek vivek 279K Nov 29 00:10 test.png
Use optipng optimization program as follows:$ cp test.{png,bak}$ optipng test.pngSample outputs:
OptiPNG 0.6.4: Advanced PNG optimizer.
Copyright (C) 2001-2010 Cosmin Truta.
** Processing: test.png
1164x911 pixels, 3x8 bits/pixel, RGB
Input IDAT size = 284778 bytes
Input file size = 285286 bytes
Trying:
zc = 9 zm = 8 zs = 0 f = 0 IDAT size = 215274
Selecting parameters:
zc = 9 zm = 8 zs = 0 f = 0 IDAT size = 215274
Output IDAT size = 215274 bytes (69504 bytes decrease)
Output file size = 215374 bytes (69912 bytes = 24.51% decrease)
File size is reduced by 24.51%:$ ls -lh test.pngSample outputs:-rw-r--r-- 1 vivek vivek 211K Nov 29 02:40 test.pngYou can verify the quality of both images (click to enlarge):
Optimized test.png file ensures that it loads faster for users on slow connections. It will also save 24.51% bytes per image view in terms of both network bandwidth and storage. According to Google:
How do I optimize files in bulk?
Use a bash for loop as follows:
#!/bin/bash
cd /path/to/png/storage/2010/01/c/ mkdir optimized ## store optimized images in optimized directory ##
## Keep file system permission and make a backup of original PNG (see options below) ##
for i in *.png; do optipng -o5 -quiet -keep -preserve -dir optimized -log optipng.log "$i"; done |
You need to make changes to your code. For example, url path to optimize url will be as follows:
Alternatively, you can overwrite existing PNG images:
#!/bin/bash
cd /path/to/png/storage/2010/01/c/ ## Overwrite images ##
## Keep file system permission and make a backup of original PNG (see options below) ##
for i in *.png; do optipng -o5 -quiet -keep -preserve -log optipng.log "$i"; done |
Next, purge all images from your CDN account. See how to purge old images / invalidating object from cloud front for more information.
A note about processing *.png in all sub-directories
Use the find command as follows (make a backup of all images):
| cd /var/www/html/uploads/
find . -type f -iname "*.png" -print0 | xargs -I {} -0 optipng -o5 -quiet -keep -preserve -log optipng.log "{}"
|
Options
General options:
-fix enable error recovery -force enforce writing of a new output file -keep keep a backup of the modified files -preserve preserve file attributes if possible -quiet quiet mode -simulate simulation mode -snip cut one image out of multi-image or animation files -out <file> write output file to <file> -dir <directory> write output file(s) to <directory> -log <file> log messages to <file> -- stop option switch parsing
Optimization options:
-f <filters> PNG delta filters (0-5) default 0,5 -i <type> PNG interlace type (0-1) default <input> -zc <levels> zlib compression levels (1-9) default 9 -zm <levels> zlib memory levels (1-9) default 8 -zs <strategies> zlib compression strategies (0-3) default 0-3 -zw <window size> zlib window size (32k,16k,8k,4k,2k,1k,512,256) -full produce a full report on IDAT (might reduce speed) -nb no bit depth reduction -nc no color type reduction -np no palette reduction -nx no reductions -nz no IDAT recoding
Optimization details:
The optimization level presets
-o0 <=> -o1 -nx -nz
-o1 <=> [use the libpng heuristics] (1 trial)
-o2 <=> -zc9 -zm8 -zs0-3 -f0,5 (8 trials)
-o3 <=> -zc9 -zm8-9 -zs0-3 -f0,5 (16 trials)
-o4 <=> -zc9 -zm8 -zs0-3 -f0-5 (24 trials)
-o5 <=> -zc9 -zm8-9 -zs0-3 -f0-5 (48 trials)
-o6 <=> -zc1-9 -zm8 -zs0-3 -f0-5 (120 trials)
-o7 <=> -zc1-9 -zm8-9 -zs0-3 -f0-5 (240 trials)
The libpng heuristics
-o1 <=> -zc9 -zm8 -zs0 -f0 (if PLTE is present)
-o1 <=> -zc9 -zm8 -zs1 -f5 (if PLTE is not present)
The most exhaustive search (not generally recommended)
[no preset] -zc1-9 -zm1-9 -zs0-3 -f0-5 (1080 trials)
Examples:
optipng file.png (default speed) optipng -o5 file.png (moderately slow) optipng -o7 file.png (very slow) optipng -i1 -o7 -v -full -sim experiment.png
Other png optimization tools for Linux / Unix
Debian / Ubuntu Linux and other operating *nix based systems can use the following tools for the same purpose:* pngcrush – optimizes PNG (Portable Network Graphics) files.
- pngnq – tool for optimizing PNG (Portable Network Graphics) images. It is a tool for quantizing PNG images in RGBA format.
- pngquant – PNG (Portable Network Graphics) image optimising utility. It is a command-line utility for converting 24/32-bit PNG images to paletted (8-bit) PNGs.
Recommended readings:
- A guide to PNG optimization.
- Visit optipng home page to grab the latest version.
- Analyze and optimize your website with PageSpeed tools.
- 6 Tools To Find Out Website Load Speed.