/etc/resolv.conf

resolv.conf

Normalerweise wird die Datei resolv.conf(5) von verschiedenen Netzwerkdienst-Dämonen dynamisch verwaltet.

Dies ist die Standardeinstellung, die für Laptops und andere sehr mobile Systeme gedacht ist, die sich mit verschiedenen Netzwerken verbinden können.
Es funktioniert auch gut für viele Desktop- und Serversysteme, solange die Netzwerkinfrastruktur perfekt ist.

Bei manchen Systemen und in manchen Netzwerken möchte der Systemadministrator die Datei /etc/resolv.conf von Hand konfigurieren.

Dies führt zu einem Konflikt zwischen den Änderungen des Administrators und den dynamischen Änderungen, die von den Netzwerkdienst-Dämonen durchgeführt werden.
Wenn Sie die Datei /etc/resolv.conf von Hand bearbeiten und verhindern müssen, dass die Daemonen Ihre Änderungen überschreiben, finden Sie auf dieser Seite einige der Möglichkeiten, die Sie haben.

Configuring openresolv or resolvconf

Debian stellt zwei Pakete zur Verfügung, von denen jedes ein Programm namens resolvconf enthält, das verwendet werden kann, um die Änderung der Datei /etc/resolv.conf durch verschiedene Netzwerkprogramme zu kontrollieren (oder ganz zu verhindern).

Diese Pakete sind openresolv und resolvconf.
Sie kollidieren miteinander, da sie buchstäblich beide das gleiche Programm bereitstellen, sodass Sie höchstens eines von ihnen auswählen müssen.

Diese Pakete enthalten verschiedene Konfigurationsdateien für andere Pakete (wie isc-dhcp-client).

   Zum Beispiel enthält resolvconf eine Datei, die die Shell-Funktion make_resolv_conf modifiziert, die von dhclient-script(8) verwendet wird.

Wenn openresolv installiert ist, können Sie es anweisen, nichts zu tun, wenn ein Daemon versucht, resolv.conf zu ändern, indem Sie resolvconf=NO in die Datei /etc/resolvconf.conf eintragen. (Hinweis: Dies ist nicht die Datei /etc/resolv.conf!)

Wenn resolvconf installiert ist und Sie ifupdown verwenden, um Ihre Schnittstelle(n) zu konfigurieren, können Sie dns-nameserver-Einträge in der/den entsprechenden Stanza(s) in /etc/network/interfaces verwenden:

Debian provides two packages, each of which contains a program named resolvconf, which may be used to control (or outright prevent) the alteration of the /etc/resolv.conf file by various networking programs.

These packages are openresolv and resolvconf.
They conflict with each other, because they literally both provide the same program, so you have to pick at most one of them.

These packages include various configuration files for other packages (such as isc-dhcp-client).

For example, resolvconf includes a file which modifies the make_resolv_conf shell function used by dhclient-script(8).

If openresolv is installed, you can tell it to do nothing whenever some daemon tries to modify resolv.conf, by putting resolvconf=NO in the /etc/resolvconf.conf file. (Note: this is not the /etc/resolv.conf file!)

If resolvconf is installed, and if you're using ifupdown to configure your interface(s), you can use dns-nameserver entries in the appropriate stanza(s) in /etc/network/interfaces:

iface eth0 inet static
   address 192.168.1.3
   netmask 255.255.255.0
   gateway 192.168.1.1
   dns-nameserver 192.168.1.254
   dns-nameserver 8.8.8.8
   dns-search foo.org bar.com

Configuring dhclient

The most common daemon which overwrites resolv.conf is dhclient(8) (from isc-dhcp-client).

In many cases, simply stopping this one daemon from touching the file will suffice.

Stop dhclient from modifying /etc/resolv.conf

Another approach makes use of dhclient-script's hook scripts.

According to dhclient-script(8): * When it starts, the client script first defines a shell function, make_resolv_conf , which is later used to create the /etc/resolv.conf file.
To override the default behaviour, redefine this function in the enter hook script.

Therefore, we can stop dhclient from overwriting resolv.conf by doing the following:

echo 'make_resolv_conf() { :; }' > /etc/dhcp/dhclient-enter-hooks.d/leave_my_resolv_conf_alone
chmod 755 /etc/dhcp/dhclient-enter-hooks.d/leave_my_resolv_conf_alone

The execute bit is required because dhclient-script uses run-parts(8) to decide which files to read.

For that same reason, the filename must not contain anything but letters, digits, underscores and hyphens.

Modifying /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf

The /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf file can be populated with directives that will override the options sent by the DHCP server.

For example, these directives will override the domain, search, and nameserver parameters that are placed into /etc/resolv.conf:

supersede domain-name "example.com";
supersede domain-search "example.com";
supersede domain-name-servers 127.0.0.1;

Another option is to remove "domain-name, domain-name-servers, domain-search" from the request line.

However, this only works on some networks, and not on others.
If the DHCP server sends unsolicited domain-name-servers (et al.) responses, dhclient will still heed them, and will still overwrite the resolv.conf file.

Making /etc/resolv.conf immutable

This approach will render /etc/resolv.conf immutable so that it cannot be changed, regardless of what packages are installed or what tries to modify it.

rm -f /etc/resolv.conf
editor /etc/resolv.conf
chattr +i /etc/resolv.conf

Obviously, you will need to put the appropriate content into the file before setting the immutable bit.

Any time you wish to change the file, you will have to remove the bit, make your change, and then restore the bit.

A consequence of making /etc/resolv.conf immutable is that if dhclient-script tries to change it and fails, it clutters /etc with temporary files.

See 860928 for details.
The user/admin may need to periodically clean these files out of /etc until #860928 is fixed.

Links

resolv.conf(5)