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| NAME
| | '''tree''' - Verzeichnisbaum anzeigen |
| tree - list contents of directories in a tree-like format.
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|
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| SYNOPSIS
| | == Beschreibung == |
| tree [-acdfghilnpqrstuvxACDFJQNSUX] [-L level [-R]] [-H baseHREF] [-T title] [-o filename] [-P
| | Auflistung von [[Verzeichnis]]sen |
| pattern] [-I pattern] [--gitignore] [--matchdirs] [--metafirst] [--ignore-case] [--nolinks]
| | * rekursiv eingerückte Auflistung von [[Datei]]en |
| [--inodes] [--device] [--sort[=]name] [--dirsfirst] [--filesfirst] [--filelimit #] [--si]
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| [--du] [--prune] [--timefmt[=]format] [--fromfile] [--info] [--noreport] [--version] [--help]
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| [--] [directory ...]
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|
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|
| DESCRIPTION
| | == Aufruf == |
| Tree is a recursive directory listing program that produces a depth indented listing of files,
| | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash" highlight="1" line copy> |
| which is colorized ala dircolors if the LS_COLORS environment variable is set and output is to
| | tree [Optionen] [Verzeichnis ...] |
| tty. With no arguments, tree lists the files in the current directory. When directory argu‐
| | </syntaxhighlight> |
| ments are given, tree lists all the files and/or directories found in the given directories
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| each in turn. Upon completion of listing all files/directories found, tree returns the total
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| number of files and/or directories listed.
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|
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|
| By default, when a symbolic link is encountered, the path that the symbolic link refers to is | | === Parameter === |
| printed after the name of the link in the format:
| | === Exit-Status === |
| | {| class="wikitable options col1center big" |
| | |- |
| | ! Wert !! Beschreibung |
| | |- |
| | | 0 || Erfolg |
| | |- |
| | | >0 || Fehler |
| | |} |
|
| |
|
| name -> real-path
| | == Anhang == |
| | === Siehe auch === |
| | <div style="column-count:2"> |
| | <categorytree hideroot=on mode="pages">{{BASEPAGENAME}}</categorytree> |
| | </div> |
| | ---- |
| | {{Special:PrefixIndex/{{BASEPAGENAME}}/}} |
|
| |
|
| If the `-l' option is given and the symbolic link refers to an actual directory, then tree
| | === Dokumentation === |
| will follow the path of the symbolic link as if it were a real directory.
| | ; Man-Page |
| | # [https://manpages.debian.org/bookworm/tree/tree.1.en.html tree(1)] |
|
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|
| OPTIONS
| | <!-- |
| Tree understands the following command line switches:
| | ; Info-Pages |
| | --> |
|
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|
| LISTING OPTIONS
| | === Links === |
| -a All files are printed. By default tree does not print hidden files (those beginning
| | ==== Projekt ==== |
| with a dot `.'). In no event does tree print the file system constructs `.' (current
| | ==== Weblinks ==== |
| directory) and `..' (previous directory).
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|
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|
| -d List directories only.
| | {{DISPLAYTITLE:tree}} |
| | {{DEFAULTSORT:tree}} |
|
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|
| -l Follows symbolic links if they point to directories, as if they were directories. Sym‐
| | [[Kategorie:Linux/Befehl]] |
| bolic links that will result in recursion are avoided when detected.
| | [[Kategorie:Linux/Dateisystem/Befehl]] |
|
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|
| -f Prints the full path prefix for each file.
| | </noinclude> |
| | |
| -x Stay on the current file-system only. Ala find -xdev.
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| | |
| -L level
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| Max display depth of the directory tree.
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| | |
| -R Recursively cross down the tree each level directories (see -L option), and at each of
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| them execute tree again adding `-o 00Tree.html' as a new option.
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| | |
| -P pattern
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| List only those files that match the wild-card pattern. You may have multiple -P op‐
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| tions. Note: you must use the -a option to also consider those files beginning with a
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| dot `.' for matching. Valid wildcard operators are `*' (any zero or more characters),
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| `**` (any zero or more characters as well as null /'s, i.e. /**/ may match a single /),
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| `?' (any single character), `[...]' (any single character listed between brackets (op‐
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| tional - (dash) for character range may be used: ex: [A-Z]), and `[^...]' (any single
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| character not listed in brackets) and `|' separates alternate patterns. A '/' at the
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| end of the pattern matches directories, but not files.
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| | |
| -I pattern
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| Do not list those files that match the wild-card pattern. You may have multiple -I op‐
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| tions. See -P above for information on wildcard patterns.
| |
| | |
| --gitignore
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| Uses git .gitignore files for filtering files and directories. Also uses
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| $GIT_DIR/info/exclude if present.
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| | |
| --ignore-case
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| If a match pattern is specified by the -P or -I option, this will cause the pattern to
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| match without regards to the case of each letter.
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| | |
| --matchdirs
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| If a match pattern is specified by the -P option, this will cause the pattern to be ap‐
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| plied to directory names (in addition to filenames). In the event of a match on the
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| directory name, matching is disabled for the directory's contents. If the --prune op‐
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| tion is used, empty folders that match the pattern will not be pruned.
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| | |
| --metafirst
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| Print the meta-data information at the beginning of the line rather than after the in‐
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| dentation lines.
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| | |
| --prune
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| Makes tree prune empty directories from the output, useful when used in conjunction
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| with -P or -I. See BUGS AND NOTES below for more information on this option.
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| | |
| --info Prints file comments found in .info files. See .INFO FILES below for more information
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| on the format of .info files.
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| | |
| --noreport
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| Omits printing of the file and directory report at the end of the tree listing.
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| | |
| --charset charset
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| Set the character set to use when outputting HTML and for line drawing.
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| | |
| --filelimit #
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| Do not descend directories that contain more than # entries.
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| | |
| --timefmt format
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| Prints (implies -D) and formats the date according to the format string which uses the
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| strftime(3) syntax.
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| | |
| -o filename
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| Send output to filename.
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| FILE OPTIONS
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| -q Print non-printable characters in filenames as question marks instead of the default.
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| -N Print non-printable characters as is instead of as escaped octal numbers.
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| -Q Quote the names of files in double quotes.
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| -p Print the file type and permissions for each file (as per ls -l).
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| -u Print the username, or UID # if no username is available, of the file.
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| -g Print the group name, or GID # if no group name is available, of the file.
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| -s Print the size of each file in bytes along with the name.
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| -h Print the size of each file but in a more human readable way, e.g. appending a size
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| letter for kilobytes (K), megabytes (M), gigabytes (G), terabytes (T), petabytes (P)
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| and exabytes (E).
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| | |
| --si Like -h but use SI units (powers of 1000) instead.
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| | |
| --du For each directory report its size as the accumulation of sizes of all its files and
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| sub-directories (and their files, and so on). The total amount of used space is also
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| given in the final report (like the 'du -c' command.) This option requires tree to read
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| the entire directory tree before emitting it, see BUGS AND NOTES below. Implies -s.
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| -D Print the date of the last modification time or if -c is used, the last status change
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| time for the file listed.
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| -F Append a `/' for directories, a `=' for socket files, a `*' for executable files, a `>'
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| for doors (Solaris) and a `|' for FIFO's, as per ls -F
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| --inodes
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| Prints the inode number of the file or directory
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| --device
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| Prints the device number to which the file or directory belongs
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| SORTING OPTIONS
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| -v Sort the output by version.
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| -t Sort the output by last modification time instead of alphabetically.
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| -c Sort the output by last status change instead of alphabetically. Modifies the -D op‐
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| tion (if used) to print the last status change instead of modification time.
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| -U Do not sort. Lists files in directory order. Disables --dirsfirst.
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| -r Sort the output in reverse order. This is a meta-sort that alter the above sorts.
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| This option is disabled when -U is used.
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| --dirsfirst
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| List directories before files. This is a meta-sort that alters the above sorts. This
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| option is disabled when -U is used.
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| --filesfirst
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| List files before directories. This is a meta-sort that alters the above sorts. This
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| option is disabled when -U is used.
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| --sort[=]type
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| Sort the output by type instead of name. Possible values are: ctime (-c), mtime (-t),
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| size, or version (-v).
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| GRAPHICS OPTIONS
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| -i Makes tree not print the indentation lines, useful when used in conjunction with the -f
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| option. Also removes as much whitespace as possible when used with the -J or -x op‐
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| tions.
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| -A Turn on ANSI line graphics hack when printing the indentation lines.
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| -S Turn on CP437 line graphics (useful when using Linux console mode fonts). This option
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| is now equivalent to `--charset=IBM437' and may eventually be depreciated.
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| -n Turn colorization off always, over-ridden by the -C option, however overrides CLI‐
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| COLOR_FORCE if present.
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| -C Turn colorization on always, using built-in color defaults if the LS_COLORS or
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| TREE_COLORS environment variables are not set. Useful to colorize output to a pipe.
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| XML/JSON/HTML OPTIONS
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| -X Turn on XML output. Outputs the directory tree as an XML formatted file.
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| -J Turn on JSON output. Outputs the directory tree as a JSON formatted array.
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| -H baseHREF
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| Turn on HTML output, including HTTP references. Useful for ftp sites. baseHREF gives
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| the base ftp location when using HTML output. That is, the local directory may be `/lo‐
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| cal/ftp/pub', but it must be referenced as `ftp://hostname.organization.domain/pub'
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| (baseHREF should be `ftp://hostname.organization.domain'). Hint: don't use ANSI lines
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| with this option, and don't give more than one directory in the directory list. If you
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| wish to use colors via CSS style-sheet, use the -C option in addition to this option to
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| force color output.
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| -T title
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| Sets the title and H1 header string in HTML output mode.
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| --nolinks
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| Turns off hyperlinks in HTML output.
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| INPUT OPTIONS
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| --fromfile Reads a directory listing from a file rather than the file-system. Paths provided
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| on the command line are files to read from rather than directories to search. The dot (.) di‐
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| rectory indicates that tree should read paths from standard input. NOTE: this is only suitable
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| for reading the output of a program such as find, not 'tree -fi' as symlinks cannot (at least
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| as yet) be distinguished from files that simply contain ' -> ' as part of the filename.
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| MISC OPTIONS
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| --help Outputs a verbose usage listing.
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| --version
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| Outputs the version of tree.
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| -- Option processing terminator. No further options will be processed after this.
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| .INFO FILES
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| .info files are similiar to .gitignore files, if a .info file is found while scanning a direc‐
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| tory it is read and added to a stack of .info information. Each file is composed of comments
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| (lines starting with hash marks (#),) or wild-card patterns which may match a file relative to
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| the directory the .info file is found in. If a file should match a pattern, the tab indented
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| comment that follows the pattern is used as the file comment. A comment is terminated by a
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| non-tab indented line. Multiple patterns, each to a line, may share the same comment.
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| FILES
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| /etc/DIR_COLORS System color database.
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| ~/.dircolors Users color database.
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| .gitignore Git exclusion file
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| $GIT_DIR/info/exclude Global git file exclusion list
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| .info File comment file
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| /usr/share/finfo/global_info Global file comment file
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| ENVIRONMENT
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| LS_COLORS Color information created by dircolors
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| TREE_COLORS Uses this for color information over LS_COLORS if it is set.
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| TREE_CHARSET Character set for tree to use in HTML mode.
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| CLICOLOR Enables colorization even if TREE_COLORS or LS_COLORS is not set.
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| CLICOLOR_FORCE Always enables colorization (effectively -C)
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| LC_CTYPE Locale for filename output.
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| LC_TIME Locale for timefmt output, see strftime(3).
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| TZ Timezone for timefmt output, see strftime(3).
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| STDDATA_FD Enable the stddata feature, optionally set descriptor to use.
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| AUTHOR
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| Steve Baker (ice@mama.indstate.edu)
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| HTML output hacked by Francesc Rocher (rocher@econ.udg.es)
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| Charsets and OS/2 support by Kyosuke Tokoro (NBG01720@nifty.ne.jp)
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| BUGS AND NOTES
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| Tree does not prune "empty" directories when the -P and -I options are used by default. Use
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| the --prune option.
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| The -h and --si options round to the nearest whole number unlike the ls implementations which
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| rounds up always.
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| Pruning files and directories with the -I, -P and --filelimit options will lead to incorrect
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| file/directory count reports.
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| The --prune and --du options cause tree to accumulate the entire tree in memory before emit‐
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| ting it. For large directory trees this can cause a significant delay in output and the use of
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| large amounts of memory.
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| The timefmt expansion buffer is limited to a ridiculously large 255 characters. Output of
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| time strings longer than this will be undefined, but are guaranteed to not exceed 255 charac‐
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| ters.
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| XML/JSON trees are not colored, which is a bit of a shame.
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| Probably more.
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| As of version 2.0.0, in Linux, tree will attempt to automatically output a compact JSON tree
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| on file descriptor 3 (what I call stddata,) if present and the environment variable STDDATA_FD
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| is defined or set to a positive non-zero file descriptor value to use to output on. It is
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| hoped that some day a better Linux/Unix shell may take advantage of this feature, though BSON
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| would probably be a better format for this.
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| SEE ALSO
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| dircolors(1), ls(1), find(1), du(1), strftime(3) gitignore(5)
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| [[Category:Linux:Dateisystem]]
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