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| '''tree''' listed den Inhalt von Verzeichnissen als Baum auf | | '''tree''' - Verzeichnisbaum anzeigen |
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| = Beschreibung = | | == Beschreibung == |
| Tree is a recursive directory listing program that produces a depth indented listing of files, which is colorized ala dircolors if the LS_COLORS environment variable is set and output is to tty.
| | Auflistung von [[Verzeichnis]]sen |
| * With no arguments, tree lists the files in the current directory.
| | * rekursiv eingerückte Auflistung von [[Datei]]en |
| * When directory arguments are given, tree lists all the files and/or directories found in the given directories each in turn.
| |
| * Upon completion of listing all files/directories found, tree returns the total number of files and/or directories listed. | |
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| By default, when a symbolic link is encountered, the path that the symbolic link refers to is printed after the name of the link in the format:
| | == Aufruf == |
| name -> real-path
| | <syntaxhighlight lang="bash" highlight="1" line copy> |
| | tree [Optionen] [Verzeichnis ...] |
| | </syntaxhighlight> |
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| |
|
| If the `-l' option is given and the symbolic link refers to an actual directory, then tree will follow the path of the symbolic link as if it were a real directory.
| | === Parameter === |
| | === Exit-Status === |
| | {| class="wikitable options col1center big" |
| | |- |
| | ! Wert !! Beschreibung |
| | |- |
| | | 0 || Erfolg |
| | |- |
| | | >0 || Fehler |
| | |} |
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| |
|
| = Installation = | | == Anhang == |
| # '''apt install tree'''
| | === Siehe auch === |
| | | <div style="column-count:2"> |
| = Syntax =
| | <categorytree hideroot=on mode="pages">{{BASEPAGENAME}}</categorytree> |
| tree [-acdfghilnpqrstuvxACDFJQNSUX] [-L level [-R]] [-H baseHREF] [-T title] [-o filename] [-P pattern] [-I pattern] [--gitignore] [--matchdirs] [--metafirst] [--ignore-case] [--nolinks] [--inodes] [--device] [--sort[=]name] [--dirsfirst] [--filesfirst] [--filelimit #] [--si] [--du] [--prune] [--timefmt[=]format] [--fromfile] [--info] [--noreport] [--version] [--help] [--] [directory ...]
| | </div> |
| | | ---- |
| = Syntax = | | {{Special:PrefixIndex/{{BASEPAGENAME}}/}} |
| == Parameter == | |
| | |
| == Optionen == | |
| === LISTING OPTIONS ===
| |
| -a All files are printed. | |
| * By default tree does not print hidden files (those beginning with a dot `.').
| |
| * In no event does tree print the file system constructs `.' (current directory) and `..' (previous directory).
| |
| | |
| -d List directories only. | |
| | |
| -l Follows symbolic links if they point to directories, as if they were directories. | |
| * Symbolic links that will result in recursion are avoided when detected.
| |
|
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|
| -f Prints the full path prefix for each file. | | === Dokumentation === |
| | ; Man-Page |
| | # [https://manpages.debian.org/bookworm/tree/tree.1.en.html tree(1)] |
|
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|
| -x Stay on the current file-system only. | | <!-- |
| * Ala find -xdev.
| | ; Info-Pages |
| | --> |
|
| |
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| -L level || Max display depth of the directory tree.
| | === Links === |
| | ==== Projekt ==== |
| | ==== Weblinks ==== |
|
| |
|
| -R Recursively cross down the tree each level directories (see -L option), and at each of them execute tree again adding `-o 00Tree.html' as a new option.
| | {{DISPLAYTITLE:tree}} |
| | {{DEFAULTSORT:tree}} |
|
| |
|
| -P pattern || List only those files that match the wild-card pattern.
| | [[Kategorie:Linux/Befehl]] |
| * You may have multiple -P options.
| | [[Kategorie:Linux/Dateisystem/Befehl]] |
| * Note: you must use the -a option to also consider those files beginning with a dot `.' for matching.
| |
| * Valid wildcard operators are `*' (any zero or more characters), `**` (any zero or more characters as well as null /'s, i.e. /**/ may match a single /), `?' (any single character), `[...]' (any single character listed between brackets (optional - (dash) for character range may be used: ex: [A-Z]), and `[^...]' (any single character not listed in brackets) and `|' separates alternate patterns.
| |
| * A '/' at the end of the pattern matches directories, but not files.
| |
| | |
| -I pattern
| |
| Do not list those files that match the wild-card pattern.
| |
| * You may have multiple -I options.
| |
| * See -P above for information on wildcard patterns.
| |
| | |
| --gitignore
| |
| Uses git .gitignore files for filtering files and directories.
| |
| * Also uses $GIT_DIR/info/exclude if present.
| |
| | |
| --ignore-case
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| If a match pattern is specified by the -P or -I option, this will cause the pattern to match without regards to the case of each letter.
| |
| | |
| --matchdirs
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| If a match pattern is specified by the -P option, this will cause the pattern to be applied to directory names (in addition to filenames).
| |
| * In the event of a match on the directory name, matching is disabled for the directory's contents.
| |
| * If the --prune op‐
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| tion is used, empty folders that match the pattern will not be pruned.
| |
| | |
| --metafirst
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| Print the meta-data information at the beginning of the line rather than after the indentation lines.
| |
| | |
| --prune
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| Makes tree prune empty directories from the output, useful when used in conjunction with -P or -I.
| |
| * See BUGS AND NOTES below for more information on this option.
| |
| | |
| --info Prints file comments found in .info files.
| |
| * See .INFO FILES below for more information on the format of .info files.
| |
| | |
| --noreport Omits printing of the file and directory report at the end of the tree listing.
| |
| | |
| --charset charset Set the character set to use when outputting HTML and for line drawing.
| |
| | |
| --filelimit # Do not descend directories that contain more than # entries.
| |
| | |
| --timefmt format Prints (implies -D) and formats the date according to the format string which uses the strftime(3) syntax.
| |
| | |
| -o filename Send output to filename.
| |
| | |
| === FILE OPTIONS ===
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| -q Print non-printable characters in filenames as question marks instead of the default.
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| -N Print non-printable characters as is instead of as escaped octal numbers.
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| -Q Quote the names of files in double quotes.
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| -p Print the file type and permissions for each file (as per ls -l).
| |
| | |
| -u Print the username, or UID # if no username is available, of the file.
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| | |
| -g Print the group name, or GID # if no group name is available, of the file.
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| | |
| -s Print the size of each file in bytes along with the name.
| |
| | |
| -h Print the size of each file but in a more human readable way, e.g.
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| * appending a size letter for kilobytes (K), megabytes (M), gigabytes (G), terabytes (T), petabytes (P) and exabytes (E).
| |
| | |
| --si Like -h but use SI units (powers of 1000) instead.
| |
| | |
| --du For each directory report its size as the accumulation of sizes of all its files and sub-directories (and their files, and so on).
| |
| * The total amount of used space is also given in the final report (like the 'du -c' command.) This option requires tree to read the entire directory tree before emitting it, see BUGS AND NOTES below.
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| * Implies -s.
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| | |
| -D Print the date of the last modification time or if -c is used, the last status change time for the file listed.
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| | |
| -F Append a `/' for directories, a `=' for socket files, a `*' for executable files, a `>' for doors (Solaris) and a `|' for FIFO's, as per ls -F
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| --inodes Prints the inode number of the file or directory
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| | |
| --device Prints the device number to which the file or directory belongs
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| | |
| === SORTING OPTIONS ===
| |
| -v Sort the output by version.
| |
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| -t Sort the output by last modification time instead of alphabetically.
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| -c Sort the output by last status change instead of alphabetically.
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| * Modifies the -D option (if used) to print the last status change instead of modification time.
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| | |
| -U Do not sort.
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| * Lists files in directory order.
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| * Disables --dirsfirst.
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| | |
| -r Sort the output in reverse order.
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| * This is a meta-sort that alter the above sorts.
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| * This option is disabled when -U is used.
| |
| | |
| --dirsfirst List directories before files.
| |
| * This is a meta-sort that alters the above sorts.
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| * This option is disabled when -U is used.
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| | |
| --filesfirst List files before directories.
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| * This is a meta-sort that alters the above sorts.
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| * This option is disabled when -U is used.
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| | |
| --sort[=]type Sort the output by type instead of name.
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| * Possible values are: ctime (-c), mtime (-t), size, or version (-v).
| |
| | |
| === GRAPHICS OPTIONS ===
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| -i Makes tree not print the indentation lines, useful when used in conjunction with the -f
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| option.
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| * Also removes as much whitespace as possible when used with the -J or -x op‐
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| tions.
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| | |
| -A Turn on ANSI line graphics hack when printing the indentation lines.
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| | |
| -S Turn on CP437 line graphics (useful when using Linux console mode fonts).
| |
| * This option
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| is now equivalent to `--charset=IBM437' and may eventually be depreciated.
| |
| | |
| -n Turn colorization off always, over-ridden by the -C option, however overrides CLI‐
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| COLOR_FORCE if present.
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| | |
| -C Turn colorization on always, using built-in color defaults if the LS_COLORS or
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| TREE_COLORS environment variables are not set.
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| * Useful to colorize output to a pipe.
| |
| | |
| === XML/JSON/HTML OPTIONS ===
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| -X Turn on XML output.
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| * Outputs the directory tree as an XML formatted file.
| |
| | |
| -J Turn on JSON output.
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| * Outputs the directory tree as a JSON formatted array.
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| | |
| -H baseHREF || Turn on HTML output, including HTTP references.
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| * Useful for ftp sites.
| |
| * baseHREF gives the base ftp location when using HTML output.
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| * That is, the local directory may be `/local/ftp/pub', but it must be referenced as ftp://hostname.organization.domain/pub' (baseHREF should be `ftp://hostname.organization.domain').
| |
| * Hint: don't use ANSI lines with this option, and don't give more than one directory in the directory list.
| |
| * If you
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| wish to use colors via CSS style-sheet, use the -C option in addition to this option to force color output.
| |
| | |
| -T title
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| Sets the title and H1 header string in HTML output mode.
| |
| | |
| --nolinks
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| Turns off hyperlinks in HTML output.
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| | |
| === INPUT OPTIONS ===
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| --fromfile Reads a directory listing from a file rather than the file-system.
| |
| * Paths provided
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| on the command line are files to read from rather than directories to search.
| |
| * The dot (.) di‐
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| rectory indicates that tree should read paths from standard input.
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| * NOTE: this is only suitable
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| for reading the output of a program such as find, not 'tree -fi' as symlinks cannot (at least
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| as yet) be distinguished from files that simply contain ' -> ' as part of the filename.
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| | |
| === MISC OPTIONS ===
| |
| --help Outputs a verbose usage listing.
| |
| | |
| --version
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| Outputs the version of tree.
| |
| | |
| -- Option processing terminator.
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| * No further options will be processed after this.
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| .INFO FILES
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| .info files are similiar to .gitignore files, if a .info file is found while scanning a direc‐
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| tory it is read and added to a stack of .info information.
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| * Each file is composed of comments
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| (lines starting with hash marks (#),) or wild-card patterns which may match a file relative to
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| the directory the .info file is found in.
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| * If a file should match a pattern, the tab indented
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| comment that follows the pattern is used as the file comment.
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| * A comment is terminated by a
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| non-tab indented line.
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| * Multiple patterns, each to a line, may share the same comment.
| |
| | |
| ENVIRONMENT
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| LS_COLORS Color information created by dircolors
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| TREE_COLORS Uses this for color information over LS_COLORS if it is set.
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| TREE_CHARSET Character set for tree to use in HTML mode.
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| CLICOLOR Enables colorization even if TREE_COLORS or LS_COLORS is not set.
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| CLICOLOR_FORCE Always enables colorization (effectively -C)
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| LC_CTYPE Locale for filename output.
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| LC_TIME Locale for timefmt output, see strftime(3).
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| TZ Timezone for timefmt output, see strftime(3).
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| STDDATA_FD Enable the stddata feature, optionally set descriptor to use.
| |
| | |
| BUGS AND NOTES
| |
| Tree does not prune "empty" directories when the -P and -I options are used by default.
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| * Use
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| the --prune option.
| |
| | |
| The -h and --si options round to the nearest whole number unlike the ls implementations which
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| rounds up always.
| |
| | |
| Pruning files and directories with the -I, -P and --filelimit options will lead to incorrect
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| file/directory count reports.
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| | |
| The --prune and --du options cause tree to accumulate the entire tree in memory before emit‐
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| ting it.
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| * For large directory trees this can cause a significant delay in output and the use of
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| large amounts of memory.
| |
| | |
| The timefmt expansion buffer is limited to a ridiculously large 255 characters.
| |
| * Output of
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| time strings longer than this will be undefined, but are guaranteed to not exceed 255 charac‐
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| ters.
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| XML/JSON trees are not colored, which is a bit of a shame.
| |
| | |
| Probably more.
| |
| | |
| As of version 2.0.0, in Linux, tree will attempt to automatically output a compact JSON tree on file descriptor 3 (what I call stddata,) if present and the environment variable STDDATA_FD is defined or set to a positive non-zero file descriptor value to use to output on. It is hoped that some day a better Linux/Unix shell may take advantage of this feature, though BSON would probably be a better format for this.
| |
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| = Konfiguration =
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| = Anwendungen =
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| = Links =
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| == Dateien ==
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| * /etc/DIR_COLORS System color database
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| * ~/.dircolors Users color database.
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| * .gitignore Git exclusion file
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| * $GIT_DIR/info/exclude Global git file exclusion list
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| * .info File comment file
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| * /usr/share/finfo/global_info Global file comment file
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| | |
| == Man-Pages ==
| |
| # dircolors(1)
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| # ls(1)
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| # find(1)
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| # du(1)
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| # strftime(3)
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| # gitignore(5)
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| | |
| == Intern ==
| |
| == Weblinks ==
| |
| | |
| =Kontrollfragen=
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| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
| |
| ''Testfrage 1''
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| <div class="mw-collapsible-content">'''Antwort1'''</div>
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| </div>
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| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
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| ''Testfrage 2''
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| <div class="mw-collapsible-content">'''Antwort2'''</div>
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| </div>
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| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
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| ''Testfrage 3''
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| <div class="mw-collapsible-content">'''Antwort3'''</div>
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| </div>
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| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
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| ''Testfrage 4''
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| <div class="mw-collapsible-content">'''Antwort4'''</div>
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| </div>
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| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
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| ''Testfrage 5''
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| <div class="mw-collapsible-content">'''Antwort5'''</div>
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| </div>
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|
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| [[Category:Linux:Dateisystem]]
| | </noinclude> |